NUTS-3 RO223 · Romania
Constanţa
Constanţa generates €13bn of GDP across 656.1k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 35.3/100 sits in the lower tier of EU regions, led by economic scale and economic growth. Its economy has grown +8.7%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate down 3.4pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for clean environment (39th EU percentile) and weakest for education (0.5th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Persistent laggard15 → 12 EU percentile since 1995 (-3 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Cost advantage97
Energy cost52
Economic base47
Connectivity42
Growth momentum38
Resilience33
Freight intensity32
Digital readiness22
Quality of life19
Industrial base15
Talent & skills14
Demographic outlook11
Labour market3
Governance2
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
35.3
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth38.4
Livability18.8
Market access15
Economic scale69
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
33
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability9
Labour stability47
Diversification54
Demographic stability22
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
42.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density26
Airport access86
Market access15
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
13.5
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary0
Lifelong learning33
Knowledge workers2
Scientists & engineers19
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
18.8
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy25
Jobs4
Education0.5
Health2.5
Safety36.7
Connectivity24
Environment39
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
38.4
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+8.7%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+5.3%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+3.4 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.4 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.5%
CAGR
Employment rate
-3.4 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+3.9 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Trade · transport · ICT · 31.8%Diversified · HHI 2222
Agriculture 2.1%Industry 25.2%Construction 10.6%Trade · transport · ICT 31.8%Finance · real estate · prof. 14.5%Public · health · education 15.9%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2024
GDP (current prices)
€12,885M2024
9.4% 1y 8.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 69
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€8,322M2025
0.3% 1y 0.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 58
Population
656,0822025
0.2% 1y 0.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 87
Unemployment rate
11.3%2025
14.1% 1y 8.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 95
Employment
287,5802024
1.9% 1y 0.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 84
Productivity / employee
€49,8782025
11.3% 1y 12.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 19
Gross value added
€11,676M2024
8.6% 1y 8.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 69
All indicators · 87 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€11,676M
2024 · EU pctl 69
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€245M
2024 · EU pctl 66
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,941M
2024 · EU pctl 71
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€980M
2023 · EU pctl 40
GVA — construction (F)
€1,239M
2024 · EU pctl 85
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€3,709M
2024 · EU pctl 80
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€7,700
2023 · EU pctl 3 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
32,500 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 47
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€19,600
2024 · EU pctl 19
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€6,740M
2023 · EU pctl 19 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€569M
2023 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€11,406M
2023 · EU pctl 16 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€753M
2024 · EU pctl 44
GVA — information & communication (J)
€132M
2024 · EU pctl 47
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,690M
2024 · EU pctl 55
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,852M
2024 · EU pctl 58
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€8,322M
2025 · EU pctl 58
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€49,878
2025 · EU pctl 19
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,973M
2025 · EU pctl 70
Labour market
Employment, total persons
287,580
2024 · EU pctl 84
Self-employed persons
49,890
2023 · EU pctl 87
Employment in manufacturing (C)
34,700
2023 · EU pctl 76
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
63.8%
2025 · EU pctl 3 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
31.4%
2025 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
11.3%
2025 · EU pctl 95
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
267,100
2025 · EU pctl 81
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
35,932
2023 · EU pctl 78
Enterprise births
4,716
2023 · EU pctl 83
Enterprise deaths
2,503
2023 · EU pctl 74
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.6%
2023 · EU pctl 80
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
0.1%
2023 · EU pctl 0 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
0.8%
2025 · EU pctl 0 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.1%
2023 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
14.1%
2025 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
16.4%
2025 · EU pctl 0 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
9.2%
2025 · EU pctl 33 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
13.4%
2025 · EU pctl 2 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
6.4%
2025 · EU pctl 19 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
93.4%
2025 · EU pctl 22 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
5,552,533
2025 · EU pctl 88
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
415 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 4 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
424
CURRENT · EU pctl 32
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
13,801 kt
2025 · EU pctl 75
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
5 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 12 · NUTS-2 src
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
65
CURRENT · EU pctl 26
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
20
CURRENT · EU pctl 13
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 15
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
419,609
2025 · EU pctl 87
Population aged 65+
132,837
2025 · EU pctl 85
Population aged under 15
103,636
2025 · EU pctl 88
Median age of population
43.9 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 26
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
31.7%
2025 · EU pctl 20
Crude rate of total population change
-2.0 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 30
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 36
Crude birth rate
7.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 41
Crude death rate
12.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 67
Live births
4,874
2024 · EU pctl 85
Deaths
8,348
2024 · EU pctl 91
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.4%
2025 · EU pctl 29
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.40
2024 · EU pctl 51
Population density (persons per km²)
98 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 39
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
456,388
2100 · EU pctl 79
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
638 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 84 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,908 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 97 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
233 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 56 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.9 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 64
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
61.1 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 86
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
259 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 59
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
468 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 29
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
94 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 97 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
2022 · EU pctl 2
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
2022 · EU pctl 6
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
2022 · EU pctl 12
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
2022 · EU pctl 4
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
2022 · EU pctl 75
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 48
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 39
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
10 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 6
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
33 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 85
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
54 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 45
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 49
Environment
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
14
2024 · EU pctl 61
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
49.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 70
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
1.0%
2021 · EU pctl 21
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Romania regions