NUTS-3 RO121 · Romania
Alba
Alba generates €5.5bn of GDP across 325.3k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 39/100 sits in the lower tier of EU regions, led by economic growth and economic scale. Its economy has grown +8.3%/yr over five years, with the employment rate up 4.5pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for safety (53th EU percentile) and weakest for health (6th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Persistent laggard5 → 10 EU percentile since 1995 (+5 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Cost advantage95
Industrial base81
Digital readiness80
Growth momentum78
Energy cost52
Freight intensity51
Resilience43
Connectivity32
Economic base30
Quality of life28
Talent & skills24
Labour market12
Demographic outlook3
Governance2
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
39
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth77.8
Livability28.2
Market access16
Economic scale34
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
42.5
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability15
Labour stability30
Diversification75
Demographic stability50
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
32.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density25
Airport access56
Market access16
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
24.3
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary3
Lifelong learning21
Knowledge workers17
Scientists & engineers56
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
28.2
/ 100 · EU-relative · 6/7 pillars
Economy17.5
Jobs34
Education6
Health6
Safety53
Connectivity52.5
Environment—
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
77.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+8.3%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+8.2%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.1 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.8 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.1%
CAGR
Employment rate
+4.5 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-3.0 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Industry · 30.3%Diversified · HHI 2109
Agriculture 5.2%Industry 30.3%Construction 6.5%Trade · transport · ICT 19.3%Finance · real estate · prof. 19.3%Public · health · education 19.5%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2024
GDP (current prices)
€5,474M2024
8.5% 1y 8.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 34
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€3,887M2025
0.3% 1y 1.4% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 28
Population
325,2602025
0.1% 1y 0.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 62
Unemployment rate
4.1%2025
4.7% 1y 10.4% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 45
Employment
141,6102024
0.8% 1y 0.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 60
Productivity / employee
€43,0342025
11.3% 1y 9.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 12
Gross value added
€4,961M2024
7.6% 1y 8.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 34
All indicators · 86 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€4,961M
2024 · EU pctl 34
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€256M
2024 · EU pctl 68
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,503M
2024 · EU pctl 47
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,309M
2023 · EU pctl 50
GVA — construction (F)
€324M
2024 · EU pctl 36
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€957M
2024 · EU pctl 34
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€9,200
2023 · EU pctl 5 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
27,900 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 30
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€16,800
2024 · EU pctl 14
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€10,071M
2023 · EU pctl 35 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€1,159M
2023 · EU pctl 25 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€14,134M
2023 · EU pctl 22 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€590M
2024 · EU pctl 36
GVA — information & communication (J)
€40M
2024 · EU pctl 26
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€955M
2024 · EU pctl 33
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€966M
2024 · EU pctl 31
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€3,887M
2025 · EU pctl 28
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€43,034
2025 · EU pctl 12
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,601M
2025 · EU pctl 44
Labour market
Employment, total persons
141,610
2024 · EU pctl 60
Self-employed persons
28,420
2023 · EU pctl 69
Employment in manufacturing (C)
40,990
2023 · EU pctl 82
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
66.3%
2025 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
24.2%
2025 · EU pctl 83 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.1%
2025 · EU pctl 45
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
136,900
2025 · EU pctl 54
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
18,404
2023 · EU pctl 58
Enterprise births
2,204
2023 · EU pctl 66
Enterprise deaths
1,357
2023 · EU pctl 58
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.7%
2023 · EU pctl 96
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
0.4%
2023 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
2.8%
2025 · EU pctl 15 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.4%
2023 · EU pctl 8 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
19.7%
2025 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
20.6%
2025 · EU pctl 3 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
7.8%
2025 · EU pctl 21 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
18.2%
2025 · EU pctl 17 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
8.9%
2025 · EU pctl 56 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
97.4%
2025 · EU pctl 80 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
453,216
2025 · EU pctl 30
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
433 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 8 · NUTS-2 src
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
9,445 kt
2025 · EU pctl 61
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
111
CURRENT · EU pctl 24
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
34
CURRENT · EU pctl 25
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
6 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 14 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
49
CURRENT · EU pctl 44
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 50
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
207,576
2025 · EU pctl 62
Population aged 65+
71,514
2025 · EU pctl 60
Population aged under 15
46,170
2025 · EU pctl 63
Median age of population
45.9 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 48
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
34.5%
2025 · EU pctl 36
Crude rate of total population change
-1.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 35
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 46
Crude birth rate
7.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 36
Crude death rate
12.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 67
Live births
2,312
2024 · EU pctl 59
Deaths
4,138
2024 · EU pctl 66
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.7%
2025 · EU pctl 32
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.40
2024 · EU pctl 51
Population density (persons per km²)
52 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 18
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
194,902
2100 · EU pctl 45
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
749 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 92 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,780 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
236 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 61 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.6 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 46
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
10.4 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 26
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
107 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 22
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
149 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 7
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
72 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 88 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
2022 · EU pctl 2
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
2022 · EU pctl 6
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
2022 · EU pctl 12
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
2022 · EU pctl 4
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
2022 · EU pctl 75
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 48
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 39
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
222 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 51
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
20 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 77
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
82 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 74
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 46
Environment
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
28.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 49
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
8.4%
2021 · EU pctl 82
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Romania regions