NUTS-3 RO223 · Romania
Population
656,0822025
GDP
€12,885M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
11.3%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
62.1%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
7,080.9 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
RO223 · PL814
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Lubelski (Opportunity 46). Runner-up: Constanţa (35). Contrarian pick: Constanţa — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 97).
#1Lubelski
Strengths
Cost advantage (92) · Energy cost (79)
Red flags
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Cost advantage (97) · Energy cost (52)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Lubelski
Governance (EU bottom 15%); Air quality (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Air quality (EU pctl 8) — Constanţa may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Lubelski leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
35.3
45.9
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
33.0
31.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
18.8
29.9
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
—
8.3
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
42.3
51.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
13.5
48.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
38.4
63.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
0.8% 5y
4.5% 5y
Population
0.5% 5y
0.9% 5y
Unemployment rate
8.8% 5y
2.5% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€19,640
€18,147
Population density
93 /km²
161 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€11,676M
€11,157M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€245M
€289M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,941M
€2,549M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€980M
€1,555M
GVA — construction (F)
€1,239M
€769M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€3,709M
€2,918M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€7,700
€10,500
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
32,500 PPS
26,100 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€19,600
€17,700
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€6,740M
€5,181M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€569M
€820M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€11,406M
€10,585M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€753M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€132M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,690M
€1,952M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,852M
€2,680M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€8,322M
€11,084M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€49,878
€43,994
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,973M
€2,758M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
287,580
353,300
Self-employed persons
49,890
74,900
Employment in manufacturing (C)
34,700
42,700
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
63.8%
74.5%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
31.4%
21.1%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
11.3%
5.2%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
267,100
327,900
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
35,932
50,273
Enterprise births
4,716
5,773
Enterprise deaths
2,503
5,841
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.6%
5.9%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.1%
1.4%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
0.8%
2.7%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.1%
0.9%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
14.1%
37.4%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
16.4%
42.5%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
9.2%
10.2%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
13.4%
24.9%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
6.4%
7.2%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
93.4%
93.9%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
5,552,533
808,867
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
415 /1k
647 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
13,801 kt
17,815 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
424
1,345
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
5 km/1000km²
0 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
65
198
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
20
5
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
419,609
434,797
Population aged 65+
132,837
144,106
Population aged under 15
103,636
101,529
Median age of population
43.9 yrs
43.2 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
31.7%
33.1%
Crude rate of total population change
-2.0 /1k
-1.2 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.3 /1k
2.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
7.4 /1k
7.3 /1k
Crude death rate
12.7 /1k
10.8 /1k
Live births
4,874
4,944
Deaths
8,348
7,346
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.4%
56.5%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.40
1.14
Population density (persons per km²)
98 /km²
163 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
456,388
523,109
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
38.0%
18.0%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
75.7 yrs
78.6 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
25.1%
15.9%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
638 /100k
621 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,908 /100k
1,560 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
233 /100k
252 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.9 /100k
0.7 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
61.1 /100k
13.2 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
259 /100k
135 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
468 /100k
131 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
94 /M
61 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
10 m
187 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
33 days/yr
7 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
54 days/yr
88 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
2 days/yr