NUTS-3 RO421 · Romania
Arad
Export region data (CSV)Arad generates €6.8bn of GDP across 410.3k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 33.4/100 sits in the lower tier of EU regions, led by economic growth and economic scale. Its economy has grown +7.0%/yr over five years and cooling, with the employment rate up 1.5pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for safety (47th EU percentile) and weakest for health (3.5th).
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
33.4
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth49.2
Livability26.2
Market access14
Economic scale44
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
49
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability16
Labour stability75
Diversification75
Demographic stability30
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
23
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density21
Airport access34
Market access14
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
33.8
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary1
Lifelong learning52
Knowledge workers24
Scientists & engineers58
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
26.2
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy18
Jobs22
Education19.5
Health3.5
Safety47
Connectivity40.5
Environment33
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
49.2
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+7.0%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+8.0%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
-1.0 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-2.1 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.3%
CAGR
Employment rate
+1.5 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+0.5 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Industry · 29.6%Diversified · HHI 2107
Agriculture 4.9%Industry 29.6%Construction 7.9%Trade · transport · ICT 24.2%Finance · real estate · prof. 15.9%Public · health · education 17.6%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
All indicators · 71 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€6,185M
2024 · EU pctl 44
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€302M
2024 · EU pctl 74
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,828M
2024 · EU pctl 55
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,514M
2023 · EU pctl 57
GVA — construction (F)
€488M
2024 · EU pctl 53
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,494M
2024 · EU pctl 52
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€9,900
2023 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
27,600 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 30
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€16,600
2024 · EU pctl 13
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€5,950M
2023 · EU pctl 17 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€880M
2023 · EU pctl 20 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€11,679M
2023 · EU pctl 17 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€477M
2024 · EU pctl 30
GVA — information & communication (J)
€98M
2024 · EU pctl 42
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€982M
2024 · EU pctl 35
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,090M
2024 · EU pctl 36
Labour market
Employment, total persons
172,330
2024 · EU pctl 68
Self-employed persons
15,320
2023 · EU pctl 50
Employment in manufacturing (C)
62,170
2023 · EU pctl 92
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
64.5%
2025 · EU pctl 4 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
31.2%
2022 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
24,186
2023 · EU pctl 67
Enterprise births
2,580
2023 · EU pctl 70
Enterprise deaths
1,599
2023 · EU pctl 63
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.8%
2023 · EU pctl 83
Innovation & R&D
EPO patent applications
2
2012 · EU pctl 17
EPO patent applications per million inhabitants
5 /M pop
2012 · EU pctl 12
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.2%
2023 · EU pctl 34 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
6.5%
2025 · EU pctl 84 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
19.4%
2025 · EU pctl 5 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
17.3%
2025 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
10.3%
2025 · EU pctl 52 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
18.9%
2025 · EU pctl 24 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
9.1%
2025 · EU pctl 58 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.0%
2025 · EU pctl 60 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
333,970
2025 · EU pctl 21
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
476 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 16 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
69
CURRENT · EU pctl 23
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
17
CURRENT · EU pctl 21
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
69
CURRENT · EU pctl 66
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 50
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
264,632
2025 · EU pctl 72
Population aged 65+
83,348
2025 · EU pctl 67
Population aged under 15
62,340
2025 · EU pctl 72
Median age of population
44.4 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 31
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
31.5%
2025 · EU pctl 19
Crude rate of total population change
-1.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 35
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 51
Crude birth rate
7.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 39
Crude death rate
13.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 78
Live births
3,010
2024 · EU pctl 70
Deaths
5,589
2024 · EU pctl 79
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
55.1%
2025 · EU pctl 22
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.37
2024 · EU pctl 45
Population density (persons per km²)
53 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 19
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE)
20.2%
2025 · EU pctl 52 · NUTS-2 src
Life expectancy at birth
76.4 yrs
2024 · EU pctl 4 · NUTS-2 src
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
796 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,939 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 97 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
249 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 78 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.7 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 54
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
9.0 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 21
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
151 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 35
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
313 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 19
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
68 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 86 · NUTS-2 src
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
192 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 47
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
19 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 75
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
60 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 53
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 55
Environment
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
15
2024 · EU pctl 67
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
42
2024 · EU pctl 5
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Romania regions