NUTS-3 RO421 · Romania
Population
410,3202025
GDP
€6,825M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
5.1%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
66.5%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
7,755.1 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
RO421 · PL714
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Sieradzki (Opportunity 41). Runner-up: Arad (33). Contrarian pick: Arad — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 94).
Strengths
Freight intensity (89) · Industrial base (87)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
#2Arad
Strengths
Cost advantage (94) · Industrial base (76)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Flood: 21% of population in the 100-year floodplain
Why you might not pick Sieradzki
Economic base (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%); Air quality (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Air quality (EU pctl 3) — Arad may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Sieradzki leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
- Flood defences, return-period design and insurance for flagged regions
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
33.4
40.6
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
49.0
30.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
26.4
30.1
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
—
2.5
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
24.3
37.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
33.8
58.0
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
49.0
56.4
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.3% 5y
3.1% 5y
Population
0.3% 5y
1.2% 5y
Unemployment rate
2.1% 5y
1.2% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€16,634
€15,022
Population density
53 /km²
73 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€6,185M
€5,619M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€302M
€553M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,828M
€1,730M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,514M
€1,638M
GVA — construction (F)
€488M
€329M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,494M
€1,277M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€9,900
€12,000
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
27,600 PPS
21,600 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€16,600
€14,600
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€5,950M
€7,147M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€880M
€1,531M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€11,679M
€16,889M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€477M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€98M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€982M
€756M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,090M
€974M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€5,307M
€5,190M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€44,089
€44,458
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,466M
€1,148M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
172,330
174,000
Self-employed persons
15,320
46,300
Employment in manufacturing (C)
62,170
44,000
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
64.5%
76.6%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
31.2%
13.1%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
5.1%
3.4%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
169,700
204,600
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
24,186
25,205
Enterprise births
2,580
2,551
Enterprise deaths
1,599
3,034
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.8%
5.7%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.2%
1.0%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
6.5%
4.8%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.6%
0.8%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
19.4%
37.7%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
17.3%
41.8%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
10.3%
10.1%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
18.9%
26.4%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
9.1%
9.6%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
94.0%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
333,970
436,414
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
476 /1k
632 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
11,766 kt
21,721 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
136
39
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
8 km/1000km²
15 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
33
9
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
69
46
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
264,632
264,198
Population aged 65+
83,348
90,600
Population aged under 15
62,340
59,211
Median age of population
44.4 yrs
44.6 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
31.5%
34.3%
Crude rate of total population change
-1.3 /1k
-6.6 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.9 /1k
-1.1 /1k
Crude birth rate
7.3 /1k
6.6 /1k
Crude death rate
13.6 /1k
12.1 /1k
Live births
3,010
2,761
Deaths
5,589
5,038
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
55.1%
56.7%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.37
1.20
Population density (persons per km²)
53 /km²
74 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
286,007
261,818
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
20.2%
16.8%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
76.4 yrs
77.5 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
11.9%
14.9%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
805 /100k
551 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,939 /100k
1,585 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
249 /100k
267 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.7 /100k
1.0 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
9.0 /100k
5.3 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
151 /100k
80.9 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
313 /100k
145 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
68 /M
61 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
192 m
153 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
19 days/yr
11 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
60 days/yr
81 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
2 days/yr