NUTS-3 RO213 · Romania
Iaşi
Iaşi generates €12bn of GDP across 780.3k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 34.7/100 sits in the lower tier of EU regions, led by economic scale and economic growth. Its economy has grown +9.8%/yr over five years, with the employment rate down 10.0pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for digital connectivity (43.5th EU percentile) and weakest for education (0.5th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Persistent laggard5 → 6 EU percentile since 1995 (+1 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Cost advantage98
Demographic outlook75
Digital readiness60
Energy cost52
Growth momentum45
Connectivity36
Resilience34
Economic base24
Industrial base18
Quality of life18
Talent & skills17
Air quality11
Labour market10
Freight intensity9
Governance2
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
34.7
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth45
Livability17.6
Market access9
Economic scale67
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
34
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability13
Labour stability53
Diversification42
Demographic stability28
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
36.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density27
Airport access73
Market access9
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
16.8
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary2
Lifelong learning48
Knowledge workers2
Scientists & engineers15
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
11
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 2/3 pollutants
PM2.513 µg/m³
PM1024.5 µg/m³
NO2—
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
17.6
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy13
Jobs22
Education0.5
Health2.5
Safety30.3
Connectivity43.5
Environment11.5
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
45
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+9.8%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+10.0%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
-0.1 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+0.7 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.3%
CAGR
Employment rate
-10.0 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+2.7 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Trade · transport · ICT · 33.4%Diversified · HHI 2297
Agriculture 2.5%Industry 11%Construction 9%Trade · transport · ICT 33.4%Finance · real estate · prof. 21.2%Public · health · education 23%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2024
GDP (current prices)
€12,051M2024
11.2% 1y 9.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 67
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€8,181M2025
0.3% 1y 1.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 57
Population
780,2712025
0.2% 1y 0.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 90
Unemployment rate
5.7%2025
18.8% 1y 13.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 66
Employment
398,0702024
1.1% 1y 0.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 92
Productivity / employee
€33,7012025
11.3% 1y 11.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 4
Gross value added
€10,920M2024
10.3% 1y 9.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 67
All indicators · 88 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€10,920M
2024 · EU pctl 67
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€275M
2024 · EU pctl 71
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,199M
2024 · EU pctl 38
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,038M
2023 · EU pctl 42
GVA — construction (F)
€983M
2024 · EU pctl 79
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€3,646M
2024 · EU pctl 80
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€7,200
2023 · EU pctl 2 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
25,600 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 24
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€15,500
2024 · EU pctl 12
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€7,628M
2023 · EU pctl 23 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€620M
2023 · EU pctl 14 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€12,735M
2023 · EU pctl 20 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€1,223M
2024 · EU pctl 60
GVA — information & communication (J)
€1,590M
2024 · EU pctl 86
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,311M
2024 · EU pctl 66
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,507M
2024 · EU pctl 68
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€8,181M
2025 · EU pctl 57
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€33,701
2025 · EU pctl 4
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,796M
2025 · EU pctl 68
Labour market
Employment, total persons
398,070
2024 · EU pctl 92
Self-employed persons
136,670
2023 · EU pctl 99
Employment in manufacturing (C)
35,490
2023 · EU pctl 77
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
65.9%
2025 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
18.0%
2025 · EU pctl 63 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
5.7%
2025 · EU pctl 66
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
327,200
2025 · EU pctl 87
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
38,780
2023 · EU pctl 80
Enterprise births
5,090
2023 · EU pctl 85
Enterprise deaths
2,969
2023 · EU pctl 76
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.8%
2023 · EU pctl 97
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
0.3%
2023 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
1.4%
2025 · EU pctl 2 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.2%
2023 · EU pctl 3 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
13.4%
2025 · EU pctl 0 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
19.0%
2025 · EU pctl 2 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
10.0%
2025 · EU pctl 48 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
13.0%
2025 · EU pctl 2 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
5.8%
2025 · EU pctl 15 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.0%
2025 · EU pctl 60 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
576,427
2025 · EU pctl 35
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
344 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 2 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
741
CURRENT · EU pctl 44
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
8,407 kt
2025 · EU pctl 56
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
95
CURRENT · EU pctl 27
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
1 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
33
CURRENT · EU pctl 27
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
CURRENT · EU pctl 75
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
496,753
2025 · EU pctl 90
Population aged 65+
134,359
2025 · EU pctl 85
Population aged under 15
149,159
2025 · EU pctl 94
Median age of population
38.7 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 2
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
27.0%
2025 · EU pctl 6
Crude rate of total population change
2.0 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 57
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.5 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 48
Crude birth rate
8.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 76
Crude death rate
11.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 41
Live births
6,752
2024 · EU pctl 92
Deaths
8,646
2024 · EU pctl 92
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
57.1%
2025 · EU pctl 35
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.43
2024 · EU pctl 56
Population density (persons per km²)
144 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 54
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
792,007
2100 · EU pctl 92
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
668 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 86 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,885 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
246 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 76 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.5 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 85
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
18.8 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 45
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
127 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 29
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
481 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 30
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
87 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
2022 · EU pctl 2
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
2022 · EU pctl 6
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
2022 · EU pctl 12
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
2022 · EU pctl 4
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
2022 · EU pctl 75
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 48
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 39
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
91 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 26
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
23 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 80
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
84 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 77
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 43
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
25
2024 · EU pctl 92
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
42
2024 · EU pctl 4
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
37.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 60
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
14.7%
2021 · EU pctl 94
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Romania regions