NUTS-3 RO213 · Romania
Population
780,2712025
GDP
€12,051M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
5.7%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
69.1%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
5,481.8 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
RO213 · PL214
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Krakowski (Opportunity 55). Runner-up: Iaşi (35). Contrarian pick: Iaşi — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 98).
Strengths
Cost advantage (91) · Industrial base (85)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
#2Iaşi
Strengths
Cost advantage (98) · Demographic outlook (75)
Red flags
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Krakowski
Economic base (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Economic base (EU pctl 11) — Iaşi may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Krakowski leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
34.7
54.7
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
34.0
36.8
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
17.6
48.4
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
11.0
27.0
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
36.3
48.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
16.8
74.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
45.0
71.4
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
1.6% 5y
4.6% 5y
Population
0.3% 5y
0.8% 5y
Unemployment rate
13.7% 5y
5.2% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€15,445
€14,585
Population density
142 /km²
187 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€10,920M
€9,987M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€275M
€188M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,199M
€3,062M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,038M
€2,826M
GVA — construction (F)
€983M
€773M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€3,646M
€3,066M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€7,200
€10,900
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
25,600 PPS
21,100 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€15,500
€14,300
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€7,628M
€10,024M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€620M
€1,652M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€12,735M
€26,117M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€1,223M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€1,590M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,311M
€1,457M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,507M
€1,441M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€8,181M
€9,499M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€33,701
€46,694
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,796M
€2,142M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
398,070
290,300
Self-employed persons
136,670
68,400
Employment in manufacturing (C)
35,490
70,800
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
65.9%
73.1%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
18.0%
11.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
5.7%
2.7%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
327,200
362,400
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
38,780
57,222
Enterprise births
5,090
6,216
Enterprise deaths
2,969
6,509
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.8%
5.5%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.3%
2.7%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
1.4%
6.0%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.2%
1.7%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
13.4%
41.2%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
19.0%
48.1%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
10.0%
9.9%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
13.0%
31.4%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
5.8%
11.4%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
97.0%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
576,427
792,758
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
344 /1k
588 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
8,407 kt
18,189 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
741
2,987
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
1 km/1000km²
10 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
95
394
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
33
44
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
496,753
492,438
Population aged 65+
134,359
134,240
Population aged under 15
149,159
131,153
Median age of population
38.7 yrs
41.3 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
27.0%
27.3%
Crude rate of total population change
2.0 /1k
4.6 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.5 /1k
6.1 /1k
Crude birth rate
8.7 /1k
8.1 /1k
Crude death rate
11.1 /1k
9.6 /1k
Live births
6,752
6,102
Deaths
8,646
7,222
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
57.1%
53.9%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.43
1.30
Population density (persons per km²)
144 /km²
188 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
792,007
718,571
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
30.3%
14.9%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
75.5 yrs
79.6 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
23.4%
13.7%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
668 /100k
617 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,885 /100k
1,376 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
246 /100k
278 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.5 /100k
0.4 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
18.8 /100k
2.4 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
127 /100k
59.9 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
481 /100k
96.5 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
87 /M
35 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
91 m
183 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
23 days/yr
11 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
84 days/yr
88 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
5 days/yr