NUTS-3 RO121 · Romania
Population
325,2602025
GDP
€5,474M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
4.1%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
70%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
6,263.1 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
RO121 · PL619
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Alba (Opportunity 39). Runner-up: Włocławski (34). Contrarian pick: Włocławski — leads the set on Energy cost (EU pctl 79).
#1Alba
Strengths
Cost advantage (95) · Industrial base (81)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Cost advantage (91) · Energy cost (79)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Alba
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Labour market (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 2) — Włocławski may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Włocławski · Manufacturing → Włocławski · Office → Alba · Residential → Włocławski.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
39.0
33.7
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
42.5
29.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
28.2
27.8
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
—
16.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
32.3
17.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
24.3
33.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
77.8
51.8
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
1.4% 5y
2.5% 5y
Population
0.1% 5y
1.8% 5y
Unemployment rate
10.4% 5y
3.2% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€16,831
€13,632
Population density
52 /km²
88 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€4,961M
€3,972M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€256M
€318M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,503M
€1,068M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,309M
€881M
GVA — construction (F)
€324M
€349M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€957M
€897M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€9,200
€10,900
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
27,900 PPS
19,700 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€16,800
€13,300
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€10,071M
€5,384M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,159M
€1,236M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€14,134M
€12,111M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€590M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€40M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€955M
€493M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€966M
€847M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€3,887M
€3,829M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€43,034
€39,002
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,601M
€879M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
141,610
138,400
Self-employed persons
28,420
38,400
Employment in manufacturing (C)
40,990
26,000
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
66.3%
75.2%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
24.2%
15.8%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.1%
4.0%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
136,900
156,200
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
18,404
17,269
Enterprise births
2,204
1,839
Enterprise deaths
1,357
2,353
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.7%
5.3%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.4%
0.8%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
2.8%
3.4%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.4%
0.7%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
19.7%
31.9%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
20.6%
32.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
7.8%
10.1%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
18.2%
21.6%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
8.9%
7.0%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
97.4%
96.0%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
453,216
1,905,333
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
433 /1k
613 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
9,445 kt
13,311 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
111
23
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
6 km/1000km²
9 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
34
7
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
49
110
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
207,576
206,551
Population aged 65+
71,514
72,337
Population aged under 15
46,170
43,575
Median age of population
45.9 yrs
45.5 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
34.5%
35.0%
Crude rate of total population change
-1.3 /1k
-9.8 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.3 /1k
-3.0 /1k
Crude birth rate
7.1 /1k
6.1 /1k
Crude death rate
12.7 /1k
12.9 /1k
Live births
2,312
1,964
Deaths
4,138
4,190
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.7%
56.1%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.40
1.12
Population density (persons per km²)
52 /km²
91 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
194,902
188,715
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
24.1%
21.4%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
77.0 yrs
78.2 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
19.1%
19.3%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
749 /100k
959 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,780 /100k
1,562 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
236 /100k
294 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.6 /100k
1.5 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
10.4 /100k
9.8 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
107 /100k
131 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
149 /100k
218 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
72 /M
65 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
222 m
64 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
20 days/yr
9 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
82 days/yr
78 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
2 days/yr