NUTS-3 ES413 · Spain
León
Export region data (CSV)León generates €12bn of GDP across 448k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 47.3/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by economic scale and economic growth. Its economy has grown +4.5%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 6.0pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (99th EU percentile) and weakest for jobs (17.5th).
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
47.3
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth53.8
Livability51.4
Market access16
Economic scale68
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
38.3
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability42
Labour stability9
Diversification77
Demographic stability25
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
16.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density19
Airport access14
Market access16
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
60.3
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary86
Lifelong learning75
Knowledge workers49
Scientists & engineers31
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
53.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.58.7 µg/m³
PM1015.3 µg/m³
NO29.3 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
51.4
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy36
Jobs17.5
Education60
Health99
Safety56
Connectivity37.5
Environment54
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
53.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+4.5%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+3.0%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+1.5 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+0.4 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.4%
CAGR
Employment rate
+6.0 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-3.5 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Public · health · education · 25.6%Diversified · HHI 2095
Agriculture 4.8%Industry 16.4%Construction 6.2%Trade · transport · ICT 25%Finance · real estate · prof. 22.1%Public · health · education 25.6%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
All indicators · 70 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€11,127M
2023 · EU pctl 68
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€530M
2023 · EU pctl 89
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,820M
2023 · EU pctl 54
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,163M
2023 · EU pctl 47
GVA — construction (F)
€694M
2023 · EU pctl 68
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,776M
2023 · EU pctl 74
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€18,500
2023 · EU pctl 32 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
30,500 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 40
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€27,200
2023 · EU pctl 31
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€13,527M
2023 · EU pctl 46 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€2,707M
2023 · EU pctl 60 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€32,274M
2024 · EU pctl 49 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,462M
2023 · EU pctl 68
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,846M
2023 · EU pctl 73
Labour market
Employment, total persons
178,200
2023 · EU pctl 69
Self-employed persons
30,900
2023 · EU pctl 71
Employment in manufacturing (C)
17,800
2023 · EU pctl 51
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
75.7%
2025 · EU pctl 35 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
24.7%
2025 · EU pctl 84 · NUTS-2 src
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
29,732
2023 · EU pctl 73
Enterprise births
1,992
2023 · EU pctl 62
Enterprise deaths
2,036
2023 · EU pctl 69
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.5%
2023 · EU pctl 21
Innovation & R&D
EPO patent applications
2
2012 · EU pctl 15
EPO patent applications per million inhabitants
4 /M pop
2012 · EU pctl 10
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.4%
2023 · EU pctl 42 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
3.3%
2025 · EU pctl 25 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
42.1%
2025 · EU pctl 78 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
52.3%
2025 · EU pctl 86 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
15.3%
2025 · EU pctl 75 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
22.8%
2025 · EU pctl 49 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
7.3%
2025 · EU pctl 31 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.0%
2025 · EU pctl 56 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
2,002,862
2024 · EU pctl 70
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
601 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 53 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
56
CURRENT · EU pctl 22
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
13
CURRENT · EU pctl 19
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
103
CURRENT · EU pctl 86
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
CURRENT · EU pctl 0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
272,544
2025 · EU pctl 73
Population aged 65+
131,756
2025 · EU pctl 85
Population aged under 15
43,730
2025 · EU pctl 61
Median age of population
52.4 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 95
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
48.3%
2025 · EU pctl 91
Crude rate of total population change
0.5 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 49
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
9.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 85
Crude birth rate
4.5 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 1
Crude death rate
13.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 78
Live births
1,999
2024 · EU pctl 53
Deaths
6,087
2024 · EU pctl 82
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
64.4%
2025 · EU pctl 78
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
0.94
2024 · EU pctl 1
Population density (persons per km²)
29 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 7
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE)
24.1%
2025 · EU pctl 74 · NUTS-2 src
Life expectancy at birth
84.8 yrs
2024 · EU pctl 99 · NUTS-2 src
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
348 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 36 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
749 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
212 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 35
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
36.4 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 72
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
210 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 50
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
190 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 11
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
68 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 86 · NUTS-2 src
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
1,039 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 96
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
16 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 71
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
63 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 56
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 54
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
15
2024 · EU pctl 57
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
9
2024 · EU pctl 28
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
52
2024 · EU pctl 42
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Spain regions