NUTS-3 ITI12 · Italy
Lucca
Lucca generates €14bn of GDP across 381.4k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 58.8/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by economic scale and economic growth. Its economy has grown +4.8%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 5.0pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (89.5th EU percentile) and weakest for education (26th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Mid-field stable61 → 57 EU percentile since 1995 (-4 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Industrial base77
Connectivity72
Digital readiness72
Economic base66
Cost advantage59
Growth momentum56
Quality of life54
Resilience49
Demographic outlook46
Energy cost46
Freight intensity39
Labour market30
Talent & skills23
Governance20
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
58.8
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth56
Livability54
Market access53
Economic scale72
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
48.5
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability60
Labour stability42
Diversification51
Demographic stability41
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
72
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density95
Airport access68
Market access53
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
23.3
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary13
Lifelong learning61
Knowledge workers12
Scientists & engineers7
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
54
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy53.5
Jobs40.5
Education26
Health89.5
Safety44
Connectivity83.5
Environment41
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
56
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+4.8%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+3.1%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+1.6 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+1.1 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.1%
CAGR
Employment rate
+5.0 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-2.4 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Industry · 27%Diversified · HHI 2250
Agriculture 1%Industry 27%Construction 6.7%Trade · transport · ICT 21.7%Finance · real estate · prof. 27%Public · health · education 16.6%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€13,907M2023
9.9% 1y 4.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 72
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€12,702M2025
0.6% 1y 3.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 74
Population
381,3902025
0.1% 1y 0.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 68
Unemployment rate
4.3%2025
4.4% 1y 9.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 50
Employment
168,3002023
2.0% 1y 1.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 67
Productivity / employee
€83,9852025
1.4% 1y 4.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 50
Gross value added
€12,493M2023
9.9% 1y 4.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 72
All indicators · 87 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€12,493M
2023 · EU pctl 72
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€131M
2023 · EU pctl 46
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,376M
2023 · EU pctl 77
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,087M
2023 · EU pctl 81
GVA — construction (F)
€832M
2023 · EU pctl 75
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,711M
2023 · EU pctl 73
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€23,000
2024 · EU pctl 41 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
37,800 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 66
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€36,400
2023 · EU pctl 54
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€29,682M
2023 · EU pctl 80 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€5,009M
2023 · EU pctl 84 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€51,756M
2023 · EU pctl 71 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€1,742M
2023 · EU pctl 71
GVA — information & communication (J)
€201M
2023 · EU pctl 56
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€3,370M
2023 · EU pctl 77
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,075M
2023 · EU pctl 62
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€12,702M
2025 · EU pctl 74
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€83,985
2025 · EU pctl 50
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€3,004M
2025 · EU pctl 71
Labour market
Employment, total persons
168,300
2023 · EU pctl 67
Self-employed persons
44,200
2023 · EU pctl 84
Employment in manufacturing (C)
31,700
2023 · EU pctl 73
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
73.7%
2025 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
15.1%
2025 · EU pctl 52 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.3%
2025 · EU pctl 50
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
181,600
2025 · EU pctl 68
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
35,280
2023 · EU pctl 77
Enterprise births
2,339
2023 · EU pctl 68
Enterprise deaths
1,975
2023 · EU pctl 69
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.6%
2023 · EU pctl 26
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.4%
2023 · EU pctl 39 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
3.7%
2025 · EU pctl 34 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
1.5%
2023 · EU pctl 66 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
23.8%
2025 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
30.8%
2025 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
11.7%
2025 · EU pctl 61 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
17.4%
2025 · EU pctl 12 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
4.9%
2025 · EU pctl 7 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.6%
2025 · EU pctl 72 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
5,181,703
2025 · EU pctl 87
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
744 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 97 · NUTS-2 src
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
9,292 kt
2025 · EU pctl 61
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
4,457
CURRENT · EU pctl 95
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
1,169
CURRENT · EU pctl 95
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
23 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 47 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
38
CURRENT · EU pctl 32
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
CURRENT · EU pctl 75
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
237,110
2025 · EU pctl 68
Population aged 65+
103,777
2025 · EU pctl 76
Population aged under 15
40,503
2025 · EU pctl 56
Median age of population
51.4 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 92
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
43.8%
2025 · EU pctl 82
Crude rate of total population change
-1.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 37
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
6.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 62
Crude birth rate
5.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 5
Crude death rate
12.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 65
Live births
2,007
2024 · EU pctl 53
Deaths
4,794
2024 · EU pctl 73
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
60.8%
2025 · EU pctl 62
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.08
2024 · EU pctl 7
Population density (persons per km²)
218 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 67
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
306,435
2100 · EU pctl 66
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
285 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 17 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
848 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
209 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 22 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.3 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 24
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
35.3 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 71
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,382 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 79
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
51 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 65 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
2022 · EU pctl 20
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
2022 · EU pctl 14
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
2022 · EU pctl 20
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
2022 · EU pctl 15
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
2022 · EU pctl 25
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 54
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 19
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
770 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 92
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
5 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 31
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
65 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 59
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
27 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 99
Environment
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
14
2024 · EU pctl 59
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
61
2024 · EU pctl 80
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
53.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 72
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
22.3%
2021 · EU pctl 97
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Italy regions