NUTS-3 ITI16 · Italy
Livorno
Livorno generates €11bn of GDP across 325.7k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 43/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by economic scale and livability. Its economy has grown +3.6%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 5.0pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (89.5th EU percentile) and weakest for safety (25th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Mid-field stable57 → 49 EU percentile since 1995 (-8 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Freight intensity83
Digital readiness72
Cost advantage59
Demographic outlook55
Economic base54
Energy cost46
Quality of life46
Growth momentum43
Resilience38
Connectivity37
Labour market30
Talent & skills23
Industrial base23
Governance20
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
43
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth43.4
Livability45.6
Market access20
Economic scale63
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
38
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability54
Labour stability42
Diversification30
Demographic stability26
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
37.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density58
Airport access34
Market access20
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
23.3
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary13
Lifelong learning61
Knowledge workers12
Scientists & engineers7
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
45.6
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy47.5
Jobs40.5
Education26
Health89.5
Safety25
Connectivity65
Environment26
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
43.4
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+3.6%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+2.4%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+1.2 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.1 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.4%
CAGR
Employment rate
+5.0 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-2.4 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Trade · transport · ICT · 29.9%Diversified · HHI 2383
Agriculture 0.9%Industry 13.8%Construction 5.4%Trade · transport · ICT 29.9%Finance · real estate · prof. 28%Public · health · education 22%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€10,731M2023
5.1% 1y 3.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 63
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€9,801M2025
0.6% 1y 3.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 65
Population
325,7492025
0.2% 1y 0.4% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 62
Unemployment rate
4.3%2025
6.5% 1y 5.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 50
Employment
138,4002023
1.2% 1y 0.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 58
Productivity / employee
€78,8052025
1.4% 1y 4.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 40
Gross value added
€9,640M2023
5.2% 1y 3.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 62
All indicators · 86 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€9,640M
2023 · EU pctl 62
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€83M
2023 · EU pctl 31
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,331M
2023 · EU pctl 43
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,021M
2023 · EU pctl 42
GVA — construction (F)
€523M
2023 · EU pctl 56
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,885M
2023 · EU pctl 75
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€23,000
2024 · EU pctl 41 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
34,100 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 54
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€32,900
2023 · EU pctl 45
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€29,682M
2023 · EU pctl 80 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€5,009M
2023 · EU pctl 84 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€51,756M
2023 · EU pctl 71 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€1,424M
2023 · EU pctl 65
GVA — information & communication (J)
€105M
2023 · EU pctl 43
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,696M
2023 · EU pctl 71
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,121M
2023 · EU pctl 63
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€9,801M
2025 · EU pctl 65
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€78,805
2025 · EU pctl 40
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,318M
2025 · EU pctl 61
Labour market
Employment, total persons
138,400
2023 · EU pctl 58
Self-employed persons
32,900
2023 · EU pctl 73
Employment in manufacturing (C)
12,800
2023 · EU pctl 39
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
73.7%
2025 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
15.1%
2025 · EU pctl 52 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.3%
2025 · EU pctl 50
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
152,700
2025 · EU pctl 61
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
25,709
2023 · EU pctl 69
Enterprise births
1,762
2023 · EU pctl 59
Enterprise deaths
1,443
2023 · EU pctl 60
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.9%
2023 · EU pctl 37
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.4%
2023 · EU pctl 39 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
3.7%
2025 · EU pctl 34 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
1.5%
2023 · EU pctl 66 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
23.8%
2025 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
30.8%
2025 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
11.7%
2025 · EU pctl 61 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
17.4%
2025 · EU pctl 12 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
4.9%
2025 · EU pctl 7 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.6%
2025 · EU pctl 72 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
11,376,271
2025 · EU pctl 95
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
744 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 97 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
1,538
CURRENT · EU pctl 70
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
15,507 kt
2025 · EU pctl 79
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
472
CURRENT · EU pctl 58
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
23 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 47 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
69
CURRENT · EU pctl 66
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 15
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
199,308
2025 · EU pctl 61
Population aged 65+
92,387
2025 · EU pctl 70
Population aged under 15
34,054
2025 · EU pctl 49
Median age of population
52.1 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 94
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
46.4%
2025 · EU pctl 87
Crude rate of total population change
-1.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 32
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
6.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 61
Crude birth rate
5.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 5
Crude death rate
13.0 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 71
Live births
1,712
2024 · EU pctl 46
Deaths
4,254
2024 · EU pctl 68
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
63.4%
2025 · EU pctl 75
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.13
2024 · EU pctl 12
Population density (persons per km²)
271 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 73
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
267,665
2100 · EU pctl 59
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
285 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 17 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
848 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
209 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 22 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.2 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 76
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
31.8 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 66
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,611 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 84
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
51 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 65 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
2022 · EU pctl 20
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
2022 · EU pctl 14
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
2022 · EU pctl 20
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
2022 · EU pctl 15
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
2022 · EU pctl 25
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 54
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 19
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
286 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 59
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
11 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 64
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
1 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 3
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
7 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 75
Environment
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
17
2024 · EU pctl 74
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
51.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 71
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
0.8%
2021 · EU pctl 18
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Italy regions