NUTS-3 RO423 · Romania
Hunedoara
Hunedoara generates €5.3bn of GDP across 351.3k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 29.7/100 sits in the lower tier of EU regions, led by economic growth and economic scale. Its economy has grown +9.0%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 1.5pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for safety (54th EU percentile) and weakest for health (3.5th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Persistent laggard11 → 8 EU percentile since 1995 (-3 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Cost advantage94
Digital readiness60
Energy cost52
Growth momentum46
Industrial base41
Resilience39
Talent & skills34
Quality of life26
Economic base21
Connectivity19
Freight intensity18
Labour market6
Demographic outlook3
Governance2
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
29.7
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth45.8
Livability25.8
Market access14
Economic scale33
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
38.8
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability5
Labour stability76
Diversification72
Demographic stability2
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
19
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density25
Airport access18
Market access14
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
33.8
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary1
Lifelong learning52
Knowledge workers24
Scientists & engineers58
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
25.8
/ 100 · EU-relative · 6/7 pillars
Economy13.5
Jobs22
Education19.5
Health3.5
Safety54
Connectivity42.5
Environment—
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
45.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+9.0%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+7.9%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+1.1 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.1 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-1.6%
CAGR
Employment rate
+1.5 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+0.5 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Trade · transport · ICT · 30.1%Diversified · HHI 2123
Agriculture 2.8%Industry 18.9%Construction 8.8%Trade · transport · ICT 30.1%Finance · real estate · prof. 19.2%Public · health · education 20.1%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2024
GDP (current prices)
€5,257M2024
10.2% 1y 9.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 33
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€4,088M2025
0.3% 1y 3.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 30
Population
351,2532025
1.0% 1y 1.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 65
Unemployment rate
5.1%2025
54.5% 1y 2.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 62
Employment
131,4902024
2.0% 1y 1.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 56
Productivity / employee
€44,5102025
11.3% 1y 13.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 14
Gross value added
€4,764M2024
9.4% 1y 9.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 33
All indicators · 86 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€4,764M
2024 · EU pctl 33
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€135M
2024 · EU pctl 47
GVA — industry (B–E)
€902M
2024 · EU pctl 28
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€719M
2023 · EU pctl 31
GVA — construction (F)
€421M
2024 · EU pctl 47
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,434M
2024 · EU pctl 50
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€9,900
2023 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
24,700 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 21
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€14,900
2024 · EU pctl 10
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€5,950M
2023 · EU pctl 17 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€880M
2023 · EU pctl 20 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€11,679M
2023 · EU pctl 17 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€594M
2024 · EU pctl 36
GVA — information & communication (J)
€40M
2024 · EU pctl 26
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€914M
2024 · EU pctl 32
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€957M
2024 · EU pctl 30
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€4,088M
2025 · EU pctl 30
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€44,510
2025 · EU pctl 14
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,129M
2025 · EU pctl 30
Labour market
Employment, total persons
131,490
2024 · EU pctl 56
Self-employed persons
11,900
2023 · EU pctl 41
Employment in manufacturing (C)
31,790
2023 · EU pctl 73
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
64.5%
2025 · EU pctl 4 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
31.2%
2022 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
5.1%
2025 · EU pctl 62
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
143,000
2025 · EU pctl 56
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
16,903
2023 · EU pctl 55
Enterprise births
1,765
2023 · EU pctl 59
Enterprise deaths
1,238
2023 · EU pctl 56
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.6%
2023 · EU pctl 80
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.2%
2023 · EU pctl 34 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
6.5%
2025 · EU pctl 84 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.6%
2023 · EU pctl 20 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
19.4%
2025 · EU pctl 5 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
17.3%
2025 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
10.3%
2025 · EU pctl 52 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
18.9%
2025 · EU pctl 24 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
9.1%
2025 · EU pctl 58 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.0%
2025 · EU pctl 60 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
342,220
2025 · EU pctl 22
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
476 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 16 · NUTS-2 src
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
5,349 kt
2025 · EU pctl 39
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
121
CURRENT · EU pctl 25
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
34
CURRENT · EU pctl 25
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
8 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 18 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
92
CURRENT · EU pctl 81
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 15
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
222,856
2025 · EU pctl 66
Population aged 65+
83,666
2025 · EU pctl 67
Population aged under 15
44,731
2025 · EU pctl 62
Median age of population
49.0 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 77
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
37.5%
2025 · EU pctl 55
Crude rate of total population change
-10.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 4
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-0.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 10
Crude birth rate
6.0 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 15
Crude death rate
15.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 91
Live births
2,131
2024 · EU pctl 56
Deaths
5,440
2024 · EU pctl 77
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
57.6%
2025 · EU pctl 39
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.31
2024 · EU pctl 35
Population density (persons per km²)
50 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 17
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
185,576
2100 · EU pctl 43
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
805 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,939 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 97 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
249 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 78 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.3 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 25
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
16.1 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 40
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
145 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 33
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
433 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 27
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
68 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 86 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
2022 · EU pctl 2
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
2022 · EU pctl 6
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
2022 · EU pctl 12
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
2022 · EU pctl 4
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
2022 · EU pctl 75
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 48
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 39
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
285 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 59
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
15 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 70
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
83 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 75
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 54
Environment
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
28.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 49
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
11.6%
2021 · EU pctl 90
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Romania regions