NUTS-3 RO123 · Romania
Covasna
Covasna generates €2.6bn of GDP across 199.6k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 34/100 sits in the lower tier of EU regions, led by economic growth and livability. Its economy has grown +8.8%/yr over five years and cooling, with the employment rate up 4.5pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for safety (70th EU percentile) and weakest for health (6th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Persistent laggard12 → 4 EU percentile since 1995 (-8 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Cost advantage95
Digital readiness80
Growth momentum76
Industrial base63
Energy cost52
Resilience43
Connectivity35
Quality of life29
Talent & skills24
Economic base12
Labour market12
Freight intensity12
Demographic outlook5
Governance2
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
34
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth75.6
Livability29.3
Market access20
Economic scale11
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
42.8
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability17
Labour stability31
Diversification90
Demographic stability33
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
35
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density23
Airport access62
Market access20
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
24.3
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary3
Lifelong learning21
Knowledge workers17
Scientists & engineers56
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
29.3
/ 100 · EU-relative · 6/7 pillars
Economy8.5
Jobs34
Education6
Health6
Safety70
Connectivity51.5
Environment—
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
75.6
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+8.8%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+9.2%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
-0.4 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.3 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.2%
CAGR
Employment rate
+4.5 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-3.0 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Trade · transport · ICT · 25.4%Diversified · HHI 1967
Agriculture 7.1%Industry 22.4%Construction 7.7%Trade · transport · ICT 25.4%Finance · real estate · prof. 16.4%Public · health · education 21%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2024
GDP (current prices)
€2,572M2024
9.1% 1y 8.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 11
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€1,826M2025
0.3% 1y 1.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 9
Population
199,6062025
0.0% 1y 0.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 40
Unemployment rate
4.1%2025
6.8% 1y 10.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 45
Employment
77,6902024
0.9% 1y 1.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 35
Productivity / employee
€36,8522025
11.3% 1y 9.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 6
Gross value added
€2,331M2024
8.2% 1y 8.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 12
All indicators · 87 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€2,331M
2024 · EU pctl 12
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€164M
2024 · EU pctl 53
GVA — industry (B–E)
€522M
2024 · EU pctl 14
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€469M
2023 · EU pctl 20
GVA — construction (F)
€180M
2024 · EU pctl 17
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€592M
2024 · EU pctl 20
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€9,200
2023 · EU pctl 5 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
21,400 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 12
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€12,900
2024 · EU pctl 5
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€10,071M
2023 · EU pctl 35 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€1,159M
2023 · EU pctl 25 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€14,134M
2023 · EU pctl 22 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€232M
2024 · EU pctl 14
GVA — information & communication (J)
€43M
2024 · EU pctl 27
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€382M
2024 · EU pctl 9
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€491M
2024 · EU pctl 10
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€1,826M
2025 · EU pctl 9
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€36,852
2025 · EU pctl 6
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€752M
2025 · EU pctl 17
Labour market
Employment, total persons
77,690
2024 · EU pctl 35
Self-employed persons
16,980
2023 · EU pctl 53
Employment in manufacturing (C)
19,950
2023 · EU pctl 56
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
66.3%
2025 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
24.2%
2025 · EU pctl 83 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.1%
2025 · EU pctl 45
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
84,600
2025 · EU pctl 35
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
9,086
2023 · EU pctl 36
Enterprise births
892
2023 · EU pctl 40
Enterprise deaths
543
2023 · EU pctl 29
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.3%
2023 · EU pctl 92
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
0.4%
2023 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
2.8%
2025 · EU pctl 15 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.4%
2023 · EU pctl 8 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
19.7%
2025 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
20.6%
2025 · EU pctl 3 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
7.8%
2025 · EU pctl 21 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
18.2%
2025 · EU pctl 17 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
8.9%
2025 · EU pctl 56 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
97.4%
2025 · EU pctl 80 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
576,849
2025 · EU pctl 36
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
433 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 8 · NUTS-2 src
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
2,412 kt
2025 · EU pctl 15
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
58
CURRENT · EU pctl 21
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
29
CURRENT · EU pctl 23
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
6 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 14 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
43
CURRENT · EU pctl 37
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 50
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
128,203
2025 · EU pctl 42
Population aged 65+
38,701
2025 · EU pctl 32
Population aged under 15
32,702
2025 · EU pctl 48
Median age of population
43.0 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 18
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
30.2%
2025 · EU pctl 14
Crude rate of total population change
-0.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 42
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 43
Crude birth rate
8.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 64
Crude death rate
12.5 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 64
Live births
1,664
2024 · EU pctl 45
Deaths
2,503
2024 · EU pctl 42
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
55.7%
2025 · EU pctl 25
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.53
2024 · EU pctl 77
Population density (persons per km²)
54 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 19
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
133,213
2100 · EU pctl 29
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
749 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 92 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,780 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
236 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 61 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.0 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 0
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
3.5 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 5
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
68.1 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 10
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
92.7 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 2
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
72 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 88 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
2022 · EU pctl 2
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
2022 · EU pctl 6
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
2022 · EU pctl 12
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
2022 · EU pctl 4
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
2022 · EU pctl 75
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 48
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 39
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
595 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 86
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
5 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 28
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
113 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 91
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 46
Environment
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
48
2024 · EU pctl 19
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
7.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 10
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
4.1%
2021 · EU pctl 62
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Romania regions