NUTS-3 ES616 · Spain
Jaén
Export region data (CSV)Jaén generates €13bn of GDP across 618.1k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 43.6/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by economic scale and economic growth. Its economy has grown +2.3%/yr over five years, with the employment rate up 8.6pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (68.5th EU percentile) and weakest for jobs (3th).
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
43.6
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth46
Livability37.2
Market access21
Economic scale70
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
36.8
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability32
Labour stability2
Diversification89
Demographic stability24
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
8.7
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density2
Airport access3
Market access21
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
46.8
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary67
Lifelong learning69
Knowledge workers37
Scientists & engineers14
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
22.7
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.512.3 µg/m³
PM1025.8 µg/m³
NO212.7 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
37.2
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy20
Jobs3
Education43.5
Health68.5
Safety66.3
Connectivity35.5
Environment23.3
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
46
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+2.3%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+2.3%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.0 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-1.8 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.4%
CAGR
Employment rate
+8.6 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-7.1 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Public · health · education · 27.5%Diversified · HHI 1982
Agriculture 10%Industry 14.3%Construction 6.3%Trade · transport · ICT 20.1%Finance · real estate · prof. 21.8%Public · health · education 27.5%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
All indicators · 70 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€11,910M
2023 · EU pctl 70
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€1,188M
2023 · EU pctl 99
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,701M
2023 · EU pctl 52
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,524M
2023 · EU pctl 57
GVA — construction (F)
€747M
2023 · EU pctl 71
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,398M
2023 · EU pctl 69
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€14,700
2023 · EU pctl 22 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
23,600 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 18
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€21,100
2023 · EU pctl 21
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€38,703M
2023 · EU pctl 86 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€2,996M
2023 · EU pctl 64 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€98,864M
2024 · EU pctl 88 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,599M
2023 · EU pctl 70
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€3,277M
2023 · EU pctl 77
Labour market
Employment, total persons
217,800
2023 · EU pctl 76
Self-employed persons
40,300
2023 · EU pctl 80
Employment in manufacturing (C)
23,600
2023 · EU pctl 62
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
71.4%
2025 · EU pctl 14 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
32.7%
2025 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
36,409
2023 · EU pctl 78
Enterprise births
3,010
2023 · EU pctl 74
Enterprise deaths
2,889
2023 · EU pctl 76
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.1%
2023 · EU pctl 43
Innovation & R&D
EPO patent applications
8
2012 · EU pctl 34
EPO patent applications per million inhabitants
11 /M pop
2012 · EU pctl 22
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.1%
2023 · EU pctl 31 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
3.0%
2025 · EU pctl 20 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
36.7%
2025 · EU pctl 56 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
45.4%
2025 · EU pctl 67 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
13.7%
2025 · EU pctl 69 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
21.4%
2025 · EU pctl 37 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
5.7%
2025 · EU pctl 14 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.5%
2025 · EU pctl 69 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
1,809,694
2024 · EU pctl 67
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
535 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 28 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
3
CURRENT · EU pctl 4
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 2
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
167
CURRENT · EU pctl 97
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
CURRENT · EU pctl 0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
407,417
2025 · EU pctl 86
Population aged 65+
132,829
2025 · EU pctl 85
Population aged under 15
77,897
2025 · EU pctl 79
Median age of population
46.6 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 54
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
32.6%
2025 · EU pctl 25
Crude rate of total population change
-1.5 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 34
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
2.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 28
Crude birth rate
6.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 27
Crude death rate
10.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 28
Live births
4,171
2024 · EU pctl 80
Deaths
6,462
2024 · EU pctl 84
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
51.7%
2025 · EU pctl 9
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.18
2024 · EU pctl 18
Population density (persons per km²)
46 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 15
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE)
34.7%
2025 · EU pctl 95 · NUTS-2 src
Life expectancy at birth
82.9 yrs
2024 · EU pctl 74 · NUTS-2 src
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
231 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
972 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 37 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
217 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 34 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.7 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 49
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
27.6 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 60
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
215 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 51
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
166 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 9
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
41 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 43 · NUTS-2 src
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
346 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 66
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
109 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 100
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
4 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 6
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 41
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
26
2024 · EU pctl 94
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
13
2024 · EU pctl 52
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
68
2024 · EU pctl 93
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Spain regions