NUTS-3 ES522 · Spain
Castellón/Castelló
Export region data (CSV)Castellón/Castelló generates €18bn of GDP across 627.6k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 54.5/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by economic scale and economic growth. Its economy has grown +2.4%/yr over five years and cooling, with the employment rate up 5.7pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for clean environment (84th EU percentile) and weakest for jobs (9.5th).
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
54.5
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth62
Livability56.9
Market access21
Economic scale78
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
51
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability36
Labour stability5
Diversification66
Demographic stability97
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
23
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density30
Airport access18
Market access21
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
60.3
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary88
Lifelong learning84
Knowledge workers44
Scientists & engineers25
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
83.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.55.6 µg/m³
PM1010.8 µg/m³
NO29.6 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
56.9
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy37
Jobs9.5
Education51.5
Health79
Safety78
Connectivity59
Environment84
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
62
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+2.4%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+3.4%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
-1.0 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-1.7 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+1.4%
CAGR
Employment rate
+5.7 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-4.6 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Industry · 26.8%Diversified · HHI 2157
Agriculture 3.7%Industry 26.8%Construction 5.4%Trade · transport · ICT 25%Finance · real estate · prof. 21.3%Public · health · education 17.8%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
All indicators · 70 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€16,117M
2023 · EU pctl 79
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€599M
2023 · EU pctl 91
GVA — industry (B–E)
€4,318M
2023 · EU pctl 84
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,949M
2023 · EU pctl 87
GVA — construction (F)
€866M
2023 · EU pctl 76
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€4,035M
2023 · EU pctl 82
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€16,000
2023 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
32,500 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 47
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€29,000
2023 · EU pctl 35
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€25,331M
2023 · EU pctl 74 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€4,983M
2023 · EU pctl 83 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€70,224M
2024 · EU pctl 83 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€3,435M
2023 · EU pctl 77
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,864M
2023 · EU pctl 73
Labour market
Employment, total persons
258,200
2023 · EU pctl 82
Self-employed persons
38,900
2023 · EU pctl 79
Employment in manufacturing (C)
45,000
2023 · EU pctl 84
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
74.1%
2025 · EU pctl 28 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
30.5%
2025 · EU pctl 93 · NUTS-2 src
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
42,255
2023 · EU pctl 82
Enterprise births
3,604
2023 · EU pctl 78
Enterprise deaths
3,007
2023 · EU pctl 77
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.1%
2023 · EU pctl 42
Innovation & R&D
EPO patent applications
15
2012 · EU pctl 47
EPO patent applications per million inhabitants
25 /M pop
2012 · EU pctl 30
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.2%
2023 · EU pctl 38 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
3.3%
2025 · EU pctl 25 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
38.1%
2025 · EU pctl 65 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
53.1%
2025 · EU pctl 88 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
18.3%
2025 · EU pctl 84 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
22.2%
2025 · EU pctl 44 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
7.0%
2025 · EU pctl 25 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
98.0%
2025 · EU pctl 88 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
7,911,112
2024 · EU pctl 93
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
510 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 23 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
933
CURRENT · EU pctl 52
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
149
CURRENT · EU pctl 30
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
92
CURRENT · EU pctl 82
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 15
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
415,765
2025 · EU pctl 86
Population aged 65+
127,565
2025 · EU pctl 84
Population aged under 15
84,290
2025 · EU pctl 82
Median age of population
45.8 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 47
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
30.7%
2025 · EU pctl 16
Crude rate of total population change
20.0 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 99
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
22.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 99
Crude birth rate
6.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 27
Crude death rate
8.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 11
Live births
4,168
2024 · EU pctl 80
Deaths
5,517
2024 · EU pctl 78
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
51.0%
2025 · EU pctl 8
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.19
2024 · EU pctl 19
Population density (persons per km²)
94 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 38
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE)
30.7%
2025 · EU pctl 90 · NUTS-2 src
Life expectancy at birth
83.5 yrs
2024 · EU pctl 83 · NUTS-2 src
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
220 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 5 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
900 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 25 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
213 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 28 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.3 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 27
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
77.5 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 90
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
428 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 83
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
318 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 20
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
30 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 19 · NUTS-2 src
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
528 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 82
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
22 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 79
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
10 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 10
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
5 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 67
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
11
2024 · EU pctl 11
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
10
2024 · EU pctl 30
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
59
2024 · EU pctl 73
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Spain regions