NUTS-3 PL712 · Poland
Łódzki
Łódzki generates €6.5bn of GDP across 384.9k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 44.5/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by economic growth and economic scale. Its economy has grown +8.5%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 5.0pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for jobs (69.5th EU percentile) and weakest for health (10.5th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Persistent laggard6 → 14 EU percentile since 1995 (+7 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Industrial base86
Cost advantage84
Energy cost79
Freight intensity70
Labour market65
Growth momentum63
Talent & skills58
Demographic outlook44
Connectivity44
Quality of life33
Resilience32
Digital readiness30
Economic base18
Air quality15
Governance14
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
44.5
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth63.4
Livability33.4
Market access40
Economic scale41
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
31.5
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability18
Labour stability28
Diversification39
Demographic stability41
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
44
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density15
Airport access77
Market access40
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
58
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary51
Lifelong learning49
Knowledge workers68
Scientists & engineers64
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
15.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.520.6 µg/m³
PM1028 µg/m³
NO213.4 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
33.4
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy17
Jobs69.5
Education43
Health10.5
Safety55.7
Connectivity22.5
Environment15.3
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
63.4
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+8.5%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+7.0%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+1.5 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+0.7 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.1%
CAGR
Employment rate
+5.0 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+0.4 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Industry · 30.9%Diversified · HHI 2316
Agriculture 3.4%Industry 30.9%Construction 7.5%Trade · transport · ICT 29.8%Finance · real estate · prof. 14.6%Public · health · education 13.7%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€6,454M2023
12.6% 1y 8.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 41
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€5,386M2025
3.9% 1y 2.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 41
Population
384,8552025
0.1% 1y 0.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 69
Unemployment rate
3.5%2025
6.1% 1y 3.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 28
Employment
161,9002023
3.6% 1y 0.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 66
Productivity / employee
€49,5862025
8.2% 1y 10.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 19
Gross value added
€5,832M2023
14.1% 1y 9.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 41
All indicators · 87 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€5,832M
2023 · EU pctl 41
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€197M
2023 · EU pctl 60
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,804M
2023 · EU pctl 54
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,698M
2023 · EU pctl 61
GVA — construction (F)
€439M
2023 · EU pctl 48
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,739M
2023 · EU pctl 57
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€12,000
2023 · EU pctl 16 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
23,800 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 18
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€16,100
2023 · EU pctl 13
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€7,147M
2023 · EU pctl 21 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€1,531M
2023 · EU pctl 33 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€16,889M
2023 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€850M
2023 · EU pctl 28
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€802M
2023 · EU pctl 23
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€5,386M
2025 · EU pctl 41
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€49,586
2025 · EU pctl 19
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,191M
2025 · EU pctl 32
Labour market
Employment, total persons
161,900
2023 · EU pctl 66
Self-employed persons
29,500
2023 · EU pctl 70
Employment in manufacturing (C)
42,300
2023 · EU pctl 83
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
76.6%
2025 · EU pctl 39 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
13.1%
2023 · EU pctl 45 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.5%
2025 · EU pctl 28
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
190,100
2025 · EU pctl 70
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
28,620
2023 · EU pctl 71
Enterprise births
2,824
2023 · EU pctl 72
Enterprise deaths
3,551
2023 · EU pctl 80
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.4%
2023 · EU pctl 73
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.0%
2023 · EU pctl 24 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
4.8%
2025 · EU pctl 64 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.8%
2023 · EU pctl 32 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
37.7%
2025 · EU pctl 62 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
41.8%
2025 · EU pctl 51 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
10.1%
2025 · EU pctl 49 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
26.4%
2025 · EU pctl 68 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
9.6%
2025 · EU pctl 64 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
94.0%
2025 · EU pctl 30 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
290,464
2024 · EU pctl 17
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
632 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 69 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
38
CURRENT · EU pctl 17
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
14,723 kt
2025 · EU pctl 77
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
10
CURRENT · EU pctl 15
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
15 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 29 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
29
CURRENT · EU pctl 23
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
CURRENT · EU pctl 75
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
245,499
2025 · EU pctl 69
Population aged 65+
84,099
2025 · EU pctl 67
Population aged under 15
55,257
2025 · EU pctl 70
Median age of population
45.0 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 38
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
34.3%
2025 · EU pctl 35
Crude rate of total population change
-0.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 40
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
5.8 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 58
Crude birth rate
5.8 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 12
Crude death rate
12.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 59
Live births
2,252
2024 · EU pctl 58
Deaths
4,710
2024 · EU pctl 72
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.8%
2025 · EU pctl 33
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.07
2024 · EU pctl 6
Population density (persons per km²)
175 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 61
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
287,068
2100 · EU pctl 63
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
551 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 63 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,585 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 88 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
267 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 88 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 40
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
3.4 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 5
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
136 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 31
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
223 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 14
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
61 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 79 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
2022 · EU pctl 6
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
2022 · EU pctl 24
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
2022 · EU pctl 4
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
2022 · EU pctl 24
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
2022 · EU pctl 69
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 21
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 90
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
205 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 49
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
7 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 43
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
86 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 79
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 14
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
28
2024 · EU pctl 98
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
13
2024 · EU pctl 56
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
52
2024 · EU pctl 41
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
40.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 63
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
0.5%
2021 · EU pctl 11
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Poland regions