NUTS-3 PL613 · Poland
Bydgosko-toruński
Bydgosko-toruński generates €15bn of GDP across 739.9k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 48.1/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by economic scale and economic growth. Its economy has grown +7.7%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 7.1pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for safety (58th EU percentile) and weakest for health (12th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Persistent laggard16 → 19 EU percentile since 1995 (+3 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Cost advantage91
Energy cost79
Industrial base67
Demographic outlook60
Digital readiness59
Growth momentum57
Freight intensity55
Labour market49
Quality of life35
Economic base34
Talent & skills34
Resilience25
Connectivity24
Air quality24
Governance14
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
48.1
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth56.8
Livability35.4
Market access26
Economic scale74
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
25.3
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability19
Labour stability20
Diversification51
Demographic stability11
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
24
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density39
Airport access7
Market access26
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
33.5
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary20
Lifelong learning49
Knowledge workers40
Scientists & engineers25
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
24
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.514.3 µg/m³
PM1020.6 µg/m³
NO213.3 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
35.4
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy21.5
Jobs52.5
Education30
Health12
Safety58
Connectivity49
Environment24.7
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
56.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+7.7%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+6.3%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+1.4 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.1 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.9%
CAGR
Employment rate
+7.1 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+1.0 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Trade · transport · ICT · 29.7%Diversified · HHI 2250
Agriculture 1.3%Industry 25.7%Construction 7.5%Trade · transport · ICT 29.7%Finance · real estate · prof. 15.9%Public · health · education 20%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€14,922M2023
13.0% 1y 7.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 74
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€12,996M2025
3.9% 1y 3.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 74
Population
739,8812025
0.2% 1y 0.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 89
Unemployment rate
4.1%2025
95.2% 1y 17.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 45
Employment
396,1002023
0.2% 1y 1.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 91
Productivity / employee
€46,2612025
8.2% 1y 9.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 16
Gross value added
€13,483M2023
14.4% 1y 8.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 74
All indicators · 87 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€13,483M
2023 · EU pctl 74
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€169M
2023 · EU pctl 54
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,461M
2023 · EU pctl 78
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,887M
2023 · EU pctl 79
GVA — construction (F)
€1,011M
2023 · EU pctl 80
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€3,999M
2023 · EU pctl 82
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€10,900
2023 · EU pctl 9 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
29,000 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 34
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€19,600
2023 · EU pctl 19
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€5,384M
2023 · EU pctl 15 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€1,236M
2023 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€12,111M
2023 · EU pctl 18 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,140M
2023 · EU pctl 63
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,703M
2023 · EU pctl 71
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€12,996M
2025 · EU pctl 74
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€46,261
2025 · EU pctl 16
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,985M
2025 · EU pctl 71
Labour market
Employment, total persons
396,100
2023 · EU pctl 91
Self-employed persons
66,900
2023 · EU pctl 92
Employment in manufacturing (C)
73,400
2023 · EU pctl 94
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
75.2%
2025 · EU pctl 33 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
15.8%
2025 · EU pctl 56 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.1%
2025 · EU pctl 45
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
358,900
2025 · EU pctl 89
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
60,268
2023 · EU pctl 89
Enterprise births
6,763
2023 · EU pctl 90
Enterprise deaths
7,352
2023 · EU pctl 93
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.5%
2023 · EU pctl 77
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
0.8%
2023 · EU pctl 20 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
3.4%
2025 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.7%
2023 · EU pctl 26 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
31.9%
2025 · EU pctl 40 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
32.3%
2025 · EU pctl 20 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
10.1%
2025 · EU pctl 49 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
21.6%
2025 · EU pctl 40 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
7.0%
2025 · EU pctl 25 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.0%
2025 · EU pctl 59 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
1,314,860
2024 · EU pctl 59
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
613 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 63 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2,104
CURRENT · EU pctl 81
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
22,175 kt
2025 · EU pctl 90
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
284
CURRENT · EU pctl 39
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
9 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 21 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
126
CURRENT · EU pctl 93
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
CURRENT · EU pctl 0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
474,374
2025 · EU pctl 89
Population aged 65+
160,467
2025 · EU pctl 90
Population aged under 15
105,040
2025 · EU pctl 88
Median age of population
43.9 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 26
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
33.8%
2025 · EU pctl 31
Crude rate of total population change
-2.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 27
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
2.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 26
Crude birth rate
6.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 21
Crude death rate
10.8 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 36
Live births
4,710
2024 · EU pctl 84
Deaths
7,967
2024 · EU pctl 90
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.0%
2025 · EU pctl 27
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.03
2024 · EU pctl 4
Population density (persons per km²)
260 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 71
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
555,799
2100 · EU pctl 84
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
959 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 98 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,562 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 88 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
294 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.3 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 24
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
14.6 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 36
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
149 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 35
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
295 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 18
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
65 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 84 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
2022 · EU pctl 6
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
2022 · EU pctl 24
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
2022 · EU pctl 4
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
2022 · EU pctl 24
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
2022 · EU pctl 69
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 21
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 90
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
59 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 17
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
7 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 45
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
77 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 71
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 11
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
21
2024 · EU pctl 82
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
13
2024 · EU pctl 55
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
52
2024 · EU pctl 38
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
70.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 81
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
2.6%
2021 · EU pctl 45
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Poland regions