NUTS-3 PL712 · Poland
Population
384,8552025
GDP
€6,454M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
3.5%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
80.8%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
2,209.2 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL712 · HR035
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Łódzki (Opportunity 45). Runner-up: Splitsko-dalmatinska županija (40). Contrarian pick: Splitsko-dalmatinska županija — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 90).
Strengths
Cost advantage (90) · Growth momentum (83)
Red flags
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Łódzki
Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 14) — Splitsko-dalmatinska županija may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Łódzki leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
44.5
40.0
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
31.5
22.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
33.4
23.3
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
15.3
18.0
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
44.0
29.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
58.0
36.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
63.4
82.8
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
2.6% 5y
8.1% 5y
Population
0.1% 5y
0.0% 5y
Unemployment rate
3.8% 5y
5.8% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€16,770
€18,125
Population density
174 /km²
96 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€5,832M
€6,471M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€197M
€71M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,804M
€481M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,698M
€321M
GVA — construction (F)
€439M
€558M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,739M
€2,262M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€12,000
€11,000
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
23,800 PPS
25,400 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€16,100
€18,100
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€7,147M
€7,641M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,531M
€658M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€16,889M
€13,216M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€783M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€282M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€850M
€1,612M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€802M
€1,486M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€5,386M
€6,199M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€49,586
€45,106
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,191M
€2,389M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
161,900
184,530
Self-employed persons
29,500
27,950
Employment in manufacturing (C)
42,300
17,760
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
76.6%
72.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
13.1%
18.0%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.5%
5.5%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
190,100
201,100
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
28,620
27,987
Enterprise births
2,824
3,652
Enterprise deaths
3,551
1,506
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.4%
4.9%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.0%
0.7%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
4.8%
2.8%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.8%
0.6%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
37.7%
31.1%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
41.8%
43.1%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
10.1%
6.5%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
26.4%
23.9%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
9.6%
6.5%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
94.0%
87.1%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
290,464
18,434,419
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
632 /1k
549 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
14,723 kt
6,557 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
38
49
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
15 km/1000km²
27 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
10
11
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
29
38
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
245,499
271,200
Population aged 65+
84,099
97,995
Population aged under 15
55,257
61,331
Median age of population
45.0 yrs
44.5 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
34.3%
36.1%
Crude rate of total population change
-0.6 /1k
7.6 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
5.8 /1k
10.2 /1k
Crude birth rate
5.8 /1k
8.9 /1k
Crude death rate
12.2 /1k
11.5 /1k
Live births
2,252
3,820
Deaths
4,710
4,921
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.8%
58.7%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.07
1.48
Population density (persons per km²)
175 /km²
95 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
287,068
374,220
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
16.8%
20.6%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
77.5 yrs
79.9 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
14.9%
19.0%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
551 /100k
531 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,585 /100k
1,391 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
267 /100k
295 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
0.5 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
3.4 /100k
13.1 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
136 /100k
124 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
223 /100k
320 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
61 /M
75 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.72
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.30
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.43
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.11
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.73
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.126/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
205 m
391 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
7 days/yr
25 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
86 days/yr
41 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
22 days/yr