NUTS-3 PL712 · Poland
Population
384,8552025
GDP
€6,454M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
3.5%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
80.8%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
2,209.2 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL712 · HU333
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Łódzki (Opportunity 45). Runner-up: Csongrád-Csanád (38). Contrarian pick: Csongrád-Csanád — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 94).
Strengths
Cost advantage (94) · Labour market (67)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Energy cost (EU bottom 15%)
Flood: 34% of population in the 100-year floodplain
Why you might not pick Łódzki
Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 14) — Csongrád-Csanád may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Łódzki · Manufacturing → Łódzki · Office → Łódzki · Residential → Csongrád-Csanád.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
- Flood defences, return-period design and insurance for flagged regions
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
44.5
37.8
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
31.5
39.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
33.4
33.1
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
15.3
—
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
44.0
34.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
58.0
16.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
63.4
60.0
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
2.6% 5y
1.4% 5y
Population
0.1% 5y
0.5% 5y
Unemployment rate
3.8% 5y
7.3% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€16,770
€15,657
Population density
174 /km²
91 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€5,832M
€5,222M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€197M
€307M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,804M
€839M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,698M
€788M
GVA — construction (F)
€439M
€344M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,739M
€1,116M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€12,000
€9,600
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
23,800 PPS
22,100 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€16,100
€15,600
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€7,147M
€6,421M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,531M
€1,410M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€16,889M
€7,243M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€694M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€244M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€850M
€1,210M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€802M
€1,406M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€5,386M
€4,594M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€49,586
€40,002
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,191M
€2,124M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
161,900
160,560
Self-employed persons
29,500
18,370
Employment in manufacturing (C)
42,300
26,240
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
76.6%
78.8%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
13.1%
17.2%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.5%
4.7%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
190,100
199,100
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
28,620
35,209
Enterprise births
2,824
3,307
Enterprise deaths
3,551
819
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.4%
6.2%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.0%
1.2%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
4.8%
2.8%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.8%
0.8%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
37.7%
24.8%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
41.8%
23.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
10.1%
9.4%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
26.4%
18.1%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
9.6%
4.3%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
94.0%
91.7%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
290,464
796,822
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
632 /1k
446 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
14,723 kt
4,774 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
38
2,543
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
15 km/1000km²
12 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
10
655
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
29
112
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
245,499
250,281
Population aged 65+
84,099
86,359
Population aged under 15
55,257
51,466
Median age of population
45.0 yrs
45.4 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
34.3%
34.5%
Crude rate of total population change
-0.6 /1k
-3.4 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
5.8 /1k
2.9 /1k
Crude birth rate
5.8 /1k
7.6 /1k
Crude death rate
12.2 /1k
13.9 /1k
Live births
2,252
2,958
Deaths
4,710
5,404
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.8%
55.1%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.07
1.27
Population density (persons per km²)
175 /km²
93 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
287,068
373,079
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
16.8%
25.1%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
77.5 yrs
76.5 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
14.9%
19.2%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
551 /100k
645 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,585 /100k
1,709 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
267 /100k
306 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
0.3 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
3.4 /100k
4.4 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
136 /100k
—
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
223 /100k
364 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
61 /M
73 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.66
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.29
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.24
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.04
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.67
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.171/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
205 m
81 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
7 days/yr
32 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
86 days/yr
57 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
2 days/yr