NUTS-3 ITI43 · Italy
Roma
Roma generates €201bn of GDP across 4.2m residents. Its Opportunity Index of 63.9/100 puts it in the upper quartile of EU regions, led by economic scale and market access. Its economy has grown +3.5%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 4.6pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (79.5th EU percentile) and weakest for clean environment (15th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Enduring leader90 → 81 EU percentile since 1995 (-9 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Economic base88
Demographic outlook87
Connectivity68
Digital readiness68
Cost advantage60
Growth momentum46
Energy cost46
Quality of life44
Talent & skills41
Resilience36
Governance20
Labour market11
Freight intensity5
Industrial base4
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
63.9
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth46
Livability43.5
Market access66
Economic scale100
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
36.3
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability56
Labour stability36
Diversification17
Demographic stability36
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
68
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density40
Airport access98
Market access66
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
40.5
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary39
Lifelong learning54
Knowledge workers51
Scientists & engineers18
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
43.5
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy64
Jobs23
Education42.5
Health79.5
Safety26.7
Connectivity54
Environment15
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
46
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+3.5%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+2.5%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+1.0 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.1 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.1%
CAGR
Employment rate
+4.6 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-3.7 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Finance · real estate · prof. · 32.5%Moderately concentrated · HHI 2548
Agriculture 0.3%Industry 10.6%Construction 4.6%Trade · transport · ICT 28%Finance · real estate · prof. 32.5%Public · health · education 23.9%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€201,290M2023
6.0% 1y 3.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 100
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€182,926M2025
0.6% 1y 2.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 100
Population
4,222,6482025
0.1% 1y 0.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 100
Unemployment rate
5.5%2025
8.3% 1y 9.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 64
Employment
2,218,0002023
2.8% 1y 0.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 100
Productivity / employee
€92,7652025
1.4% 1y 4.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 71
Gross value added
€180,828M2023
6.1% 1y 3.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 99
All indicators · 87 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€180,828M
2023 · EU pctl 99
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€627M
2023 · EU pctl 92
GVA — industry (B–E)
€19,205M
2023 · EU pctl 99
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€7,473M
2023 · EU pctl 96
GVA — construction (F)
€8,289M
2023 · EU pctl 100
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€50,714M
2023 · EU pctl 99
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€22,800
2024 · EU pctl 40 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
49,400 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 88
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€47,600
2023 · EU pctl 80
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€50,148M
2023 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€4,606M
2023 · EU pctl 82 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€95,178M
2023 · EU pctl 88 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€20,749M
2023 · EU pctl 100
GVA — information & communication (J)
€14,838M
2023 · EU pctl 99
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€58,757M
2023 · EU pctl 99
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€43,236M
2023 · EU pctl 100
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€182,926M
2025 · EU pctl 100
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€92,765
2025 · EU pctl 71
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€42,460M
2025 · EU pctl 99
Labour market
Employment, total persons
2,218,000
2023 · EU pctl 100
Self-employed persons
433,400
2023 · EU pctl 100
Employment in manufacturing (C)
86,200
2023 · EU pctl 97
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
68.0%
2025 · EU pctl 8 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
21.3%
2025 · EU pctl 76 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
5.5%
2025 · EU pctl 64
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
1,912,500
2025 · EU pctl 100
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
368,840
2023 · EU pctl 100
Enterprise births
35,222
2023 · EU pctl 99
Enterprise deaths
21,718
2023 · EU pctl 99
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.6%
2023 · EU pctl 56
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.8%
2023 · EU pctl 62 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
7.9%
2025 · EU pctl 92 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
1.7%
2023 · EU pctl 74 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
28.5%
2025 · EU pctl 23 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
37.4%
2025 · EU pctl 39 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
10.6%
2025 · EU pctl 54 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
23.0%
2025 · EU pctl 51 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
6.3%
2025 · EU pctl 18 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.3%
2025 · EU pctl 68 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
56,002,908
2025 · EU pctl 100
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
701 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 92 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
12,367
CURRENT · EU pctl 100
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
31,686 kt
2025 · EU pctl 95
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
29 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 64 · NUTS-2 src
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
293
CURRENT · EU pctl 40
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
7
CURRENT · EU pctl 2
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 50
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
2,728,595
2025 · EU pctl 100
Population aged 65+
984,903
2025 · EU pctl 100
Population aged under 15
509,150
2025 · EU pctl 100
Median age of population
48.7 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 74
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
36.1%
2025 · EU pctl 46
Crude rate of total population change
-0.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 39
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.8 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 42
Crude birth rate
6.0 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 15
Crude death rate
10.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 29
Live births
25,200
2024 · EU pctl 100
Deaths
43,812
2024 · EU pctl 100
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
54.8%
2025 · EU pctl 20
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.10
2024 · EU pctl 9
Population density (persons per km²)
800 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 87
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
3,969,742
2100 · EU pctl 100
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
350 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 35 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
907 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 26 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
226 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 43 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.6 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 47
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
71.3 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 89
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
3,149 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 99
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
56 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 74 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
2022 · EU pctl 20
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
2022 · EU pctl 14
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
2022 · EU pctl 20
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
2022 · EU pctl 15
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
2022 · EU pctl 25
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 54
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 19
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
78 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 23
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
65 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 96
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
6 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 8
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
10 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 84
Environment
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
20
2024 · EU pctl 85
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
51
2024 · EU pctl 33
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
69.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 80
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
2.5%
2021 · EU pctl 44
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Italy regions