NUTS-3 ITC4C · Italy
Milano
Export region data (CSV)Milano generates €230bn of GDP across 3.2m residents. Its Opportunity Index of 72.5/100 puts it in the upper quartile of EU regions, led by economic scale and market access. Its economy has grown +4.5%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 3.3pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (92.5th EU percentile) and weakest for clean environment (1th).
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
72.5
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth53.2
Livability48.7
Market access88
Economic scale100
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
35.3
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability49
Labour stability47
Diversification8
Demographic stability37
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
70.7
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density30
Airport access94
Market access88
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
29.5
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary27
Lifelong learning62
Knowledge workers19
Scientists & engineers10
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
48.7
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy80
Jobs57
Education23
Health92.5
Safety43.3
Connectivity44
Environment1
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
53.2
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+4.5%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+3.7%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.8 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+0.9 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.1%
CAGR
Employment rate
+3.3 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-2.1 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Finance · real estate · prof. · 38.6%Moderately concentrated · HHI 2781
Agriculture 0.1%Industry 15.3%Construction 4.3%Trade · transport · ICT 30%Finance · real estate · prof. 38.6%Public · health · education 11.6%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
All indicators · 70 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€207,052M
2023 · EU pctl 100
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€288M
2023 · EU pctl 73
GVA — industry (B–E)
€31,679M
2023 · EU pctl 100
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€24,765M
2023 · EU pctl 100
GVA — construction (F)
€8,915M
2023 · EU pctl 100
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€62,205M
2023 · EU pctl 100
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€26,600
2024 · EU pctl 63 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
73,900 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 97
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€71,200
2023 · EU pctl 95
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€101,220M
2023 · EU pctl 98 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€19,922M
2023 · EU pctl 98 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€188,904M
2023 · EU pctl 98 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€23,051M
2023 · EU pctl 100
GVA — information & communication (J)
€17,421M
2023 · EU pctl 99
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€79,975M
2023 · EU pctl 100
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€23,987M
2023 · EU pctl 99
Labour market
Employment, total persons
2,127,000
2023 · EU pctl 100
Self-employed persons
380,300
2023 · EU pctl 100
Employment in manufacturing (C)
225,900
2023 · EU pctl 100
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
71.7%
2025 · EU pctl 15 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
10.9%
2025 · EU pctl 38 · NUTS-2 src
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
336,627
2023 · EU pctl 100
Enterprise births
29,755
2023 · EU pctl 99
Enterprise deaths
19,744
2023 · EU pctl 99
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.1%
2023 · EU pctl 42
Innovation & R&D
EPO patent applications
295
2012 · EU pctl 98
EPO patent applications per million inhabitants
97 /M pop
2012 · EU pctl 52
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.2%
2023 · EU pctl 34 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
5.3%
2025 · EU pctl 70 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
23.6%
2025 · EU pctl 12 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
34.0%
2025 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
11.8%
2025 · EU pctl 62 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
18.7%
2025 · EU pctl 19 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
5.2%
2025 · EU pctl 10 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.0%
2025 · EU pctl 58 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
22,844,935
2025 · EU pctl 99
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
640 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 74 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
4,945
CURRENT · EU pctl 96
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
152
CURRENT · EU pctl 30
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
13
CURRENT · EU pctl 6
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
CURRENT · EU pctl 75
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
2,099,966
2025 · EU pctl 100
Population aged 65+
752,754
2025 · EU pctl 100
Population aged under 15
393,735
2025 · EU pctl 99
Median age of population
47.6 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 64
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
35.8%
2025 · EU pctl 44
Crude rate of total population change
0.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 47
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.5 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 39
Crude birth rate
6.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 25
Crude death rate
9.8 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 20
Live births
21,441
2024 · EU pctl 99
Deaths
31,866
2024 · EU pctl 100
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
54.6%
2025 · EU pctl 19
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.14
2024 · EU pctl 13
Population density (persons per km²)
2,081 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 96
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE)
12.5%
2025 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Life expectancy at birth
84.4 yrs
2024 · EU pctl 95 · NUTS-2 src
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
325 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 26 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
835 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 10 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
222 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 39 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 38
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
129 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 97
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
3,560 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 99
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
38 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 33 · NUTS-2 src
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
118 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 33
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
33 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 85
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
43 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 34
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
19 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 95
Environment
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
30
2024 · EU pctl 99
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
46
2024 · EU pctl 12
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Italy regions