NUTS-3 ITI14 · Italy
Firenze
Export region data (CSV)Firenze generates €46bn of GDP across 988.1k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 60.8/100 puts it in the upper quartile of EU regions, led by economic scale and market access. Its economy has grown +3.5%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 5.0pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (89.5th EU percentile) and weakest for clean environment (17th).
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
60.8
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth46.8
Livability48.2
Market access54
Economic scale94
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
33
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability22
Labour stability42
Diversification33
Demographic stability35
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
71.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density68
Airport access92
Market access54
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
23.3
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary13
Lifelong learning61
Knowledge workers12
Scientists & engineers7
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
48.2
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy64
Jobs40.5
Education26
Health89.5
Safety30.3
Connectivity70
Environment17
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
46.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+3.5%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+2.8%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.7 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.1 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.1%
CAGR
Employment rate
+5.0 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-2.4 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Finance · real estate · prof. · 30.4%Diversified · HHI 2364
Agriculture 0.7%Industry 20.3%Construction 4.6%Trade · transport · ICT 26.5%Finance · real estate · prof. 30.4%Public · health · education 17.5%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
All indicators · 70 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€41,430M
2023 · EU pctl 94
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€295M
2023 · EU pctl 73
GVA — industry (B–E)
€8,390M
2023 · EU pctl 95
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€7,564M
2023 · EU pctl 96
GVA — construction (F)
€1,922M
2023 · EU pctl 93
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€10,974M
2023 · EU pctl 95
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€23,000
2024 · EU pctl 41 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
48,400 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 87
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€46,700
2023 · EU pctl 78
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€29,682M
2023 · EU pctl 80 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€5,009M
2023 · EU pctl 84 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€51,756M
2023 · EU pctl 71 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€4,735M
2023 · EU pctl 91
GVA — information & communication (J)
€1,021M
2023 · EU pctl 83
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€12,585M
2023 · EU pctl 95
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€7,262M
2023 · EU pctl 92
Labour market
Employment, total persons
530,800
2023 · EU pctl 95
Self-employed persons
117,500
2023 · EU pctl 98
Employment in manufacturing (C)
90,000
2023 · EU pctl 97
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
73.7%
2025 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
15.1%
2025 · EU pctl 52 · NUTS-2 src
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
95,086
2023 · EU pctl 95
Enterprise births
7,201
2023 · EU pctl 91
Enterprise deaths
5,468
2023 · EU pctl 90
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.5%
2023 · EU pctl 20
Innovation & R&D
EPO patent applications
72
2012 · EU pctl 85
EPO patent applications per million inhabitants
74 /M pop
2012 · EU pctl 47
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.4%
2023 · EU pctl 39 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
3.7%
2025 · EU pctl 34 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
23.8%
2025 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
30.8%
2025 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
11.7%
2025 · EU pctl 61 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
17.4%
2025 · EU pctl 12 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
4.9%
2025 · EU pctl 7 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.6%
2025 · EU pctl 72 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
15,659,580
2025 · EU pctl 97
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
744 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 97 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
5,912
CURRENT · EU pctl 97
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
598
CURRENT · EU pctl 68
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
15
CURRENT · EU pctl 8
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
CURRENT · EU pctl 75
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
616,818
2025 · EU pctl 93
Population aged 65+
260,194
2025 · EU pctl 96
Population aged under 15
111,056
2025 · EU pctl 90
Median age of population
50.2 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 85
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
42.2%
2025 · EU pctl 77
Crude rate of total population change
-0.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 40
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
5.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 53
Crude birth rate
6.0 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 15
Crude death rate
11.8 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 53
Live births
5,921
2024 · EU pctl 90
Deaths
11,642
2024 · EU pctl 96
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
60.2%
2025 · EU pctl 57
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.13
2024 · EU pctl 12
Population density (persons per km²)
283 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 74
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE)
18.1%
2025 · EU pctl 38 · NUTS-2 src
Life expectancy at birth
84.2 yrs
2024 · EU pctl 92 · NUTS-2 src
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
277 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
848 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
209 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 22 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.6 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 46
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
137 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 98
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
2,739 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 98
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
51 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 65 · NUTS-2 src
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
233 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 53
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
42 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 89
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
24 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 17
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
14 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 90
Environment
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
19
2024 · EU pctl 83
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
54
2024 · EU pctl 51
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Italy regions