NUTS-3 ITI14 · Italy
Population
988,0682025
GDP
€46,118M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
4.3%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
76%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
3,514.2 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ITI14 · ITH55
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Bologna (Opportunity 63). Runner-up: Firenze (61). Contrarian pick: Firenze — leads the set on Digital readiness (EU pctl 72).
#2Firenze
Strengths
Economic base (87) · Demographic outlook (85)
Red flags
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Flood: 25% of population in the 100-year floodplain
Why you might not pick Bologna
Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 20) — Firenze may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Bologna · Manufacturing → Bologna · Office → Firenze · Residential → Bologna.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
- Flood defences, return-period design and insurance for flagged regions
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
60.8
63.1
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
33.0
47.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
48.3
50.3
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
71.7
56.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
23.3
34.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
46.8
45.2
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
4.1% 5y
2.8% 5y
Population
0.2% 5y
0.0% 5y
Unemployment rate
6.8% 5y
2.3% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€46,675
€49,845
Population density
281 /km²
275 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€41,430M
€45,682M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€295M
€338M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€8,390M
€12,257M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€7,564M
€11,059M
GVA — construction (F)
€1,922M
€2,242M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€10,974M
€10,496M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€23,000
€25,400
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
48,400 PPS
51,900 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€46,700
€50,100
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€29,682M
€45,497M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€5,009M
€12,104M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€51,756M
€74,553M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€4,735M
€5,252M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€1,021M
€1,825M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€12,585M
€12,952M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€7,262M
€7,396M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€42,124M
€45,996M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€88,307
€95,334
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€9,963M
€12,088M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
530,800
549,500
Self-employed persons
117,500
114,400
Employment in manufacturing (C)
90,000
99,600
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
73.7%
74.5%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
15.1%
17.4%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.3%
4.1%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
472,500
495,800
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
95,086
90,415
Enterprise births
7,201
6,685
Enterprise deaths
5,468
5,202
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.5%
3.8%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.4%
2.1%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.7%
3.8%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.5%
2.1%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
23.8%
25.3%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
30.8%
36.2%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
11.7%
13.1%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
17.4%
19.2%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
4.9%
5.3%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.6%
96.2%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
15,659,580
7,188,998
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
744 /1k
691 /1k
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
5,912
112
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
11,383 kt
24,597 kt
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
598
11
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
23 km/1000km²
31 km/1000km²
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
15
14
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
616,818
647,660
Population aged 65+
260,194
254,542
Population aged under 15
111,056
117,991
Median age of population
50.2 yrs
48.9 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
42.2%
39.3%
Crude rate of total population change
-0.7 /1k
2.6 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
5.1 /1k
7.7 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.0 /1k
6.5 /1k
Crude death rate
11.8 /1k
11.5 /1k
Live births
5,921
6,573
Deaths
11,642
11,758
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
60.2%
57.5%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.13
1.15
Population density (persons per km²)
283 /km²
277 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
948,857
1,091,721
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
18.1%
8.2%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
84.2 yrs
84.3 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
12.8%
6.7%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
285 /100k
369 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
848 /100k
860 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
209 /100k
212 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.6 /100k
0.6 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
137 /100k
83.8 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
2,739 /100k
2,023 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
51 /M
61 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
0.72
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
0.60
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.57
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
0.41
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
€0.159/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
233 m
126 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
42 days/yr
49 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
24 days/yr
24 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
14 days/yr
8 days/yr