NUTS-3 ITH44 · Italy
Trieste
Trieste generates €9.5bn of GDP across 227.8k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 43.9/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by economic scale and livability. Its economy has grown +3.1%/yr over five years, with the employment rate up 2.8pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (83.5th EU percentile) and weakest for clean environment (27.5th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Mid-field stable69 → 69 EU percentile since 1995 (+1 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Demographic outlook83
Economic base79
Digital readiness67
Cost advantage53
Energy cost46
Quality of life46
Resilience42
Connectivity40
Growth momentum36
Talent & skills30
Air quality27
Labour market23
Industrial base20
Governance20
Freight intensity18
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
43.9
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth35.8
Livability45.7
Market access37
Economic scale57
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
41.8
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability49
Labour stability64
Diversification26
Demographic stability28
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
39.7
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density4
Airport access78
Market access37
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
29.5
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary31
Lifelong learning69
Knowledge workers16
Scientists & engineers2
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
27
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 2/3 pollutants
PM2.5—
PM1015.1 µg/m³
NO221.3 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
45.7
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy63
Jobs35.5
Education34.5
Health83.5
Safety40.7
Connectivity35.5
Environment27.5
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
35.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+3.1%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+3.0%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.1 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.5 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.3%
CAGR
Employment rate
+2.8 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-1.0 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Finance · real estate · prof. · 31.8%Diversified · HHI 2413
Agriculture 0.2%Industry 13.4%Construction 5.9%Trade · transport · ICT 24.2%Finance · real estate · prof. 31.8%Public · health · education 24.6%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€9,458M2023
5.9% 1y 3.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 57
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€8,591M2025
0.6% 1y 2.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 59
Population
227,7922025
0.3% 1y 0.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 46
Unemployment rate
4.6%2025
23.3% 1y 0.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 53
Employment
108,6002023
2.5% 1y 0.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 47
Productivity / employee
€89,6232025
1.4% 1y 3.9% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 65
Gross value added
€8,497M2023
5.9% 1y 3.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 57
All indicators · 88 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€8,497M
2023 · EU pctl 57
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€20M
2023 · EU pctl 11
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,136M
2023 · EU pctl 36
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€866M
2023 · EU pctl 36
GVA — construction (F)
€498M
2023 · EU pctl 54
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,053M
2023 · EU pctl 63
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€23,800
2024 · EU pctl 47 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
42,900 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 79
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€41,400
2023 · EU pctl 67
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€10,531M
2023 · EU pctl 37 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€2,200M
2023 · EU pctl 48 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€18,713M
2023 · EU pctl 29 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€936M
2023 · EU pctl 50
GVA — information & communication (J)
€340M
2023 · EU pctl 67
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,703M
2023 · EU pctl 71
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,088M
2023 · EU pctl 63
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€8,591M
2025 · EU pctl 59
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€89,623
2025 · EU pctl 65
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,245M
2025 · EU pctl 60
Labour market
Employment, total persons
108,600
2023 · EU pctl 47
Self-employed persons
20,300
2023 · EU pctl 58
Employment in manufacturing (C)
9,600
2023 · EU pctl 28
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
72.8%
2025 · EU pctl 21 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
12.9%
2025 · EU pctl 44 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.6%
2025 · EU pctl 53
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
104,100
2025 · EU pctl 43
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
15,730
2023 · EU pctl 52
Enterprise births
1,430
2023 · EU pctl 54
Enterprise deaths
914
2023 · EU pctl 47
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.5%
2023 · EU pctl 54
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.7%
2023 · EU pctl 55 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
3.9%
2025 · EU pctl 42 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
1.6%
2023 · EU pctl 73 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
24.1%
2025 · EU pctl 14 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
35.2%
2025 · EU pctl 31 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
13.7%
2025 · EU pctl 69 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
18.1%
2025 · EU pctl 16 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
4.1%
2025 · EU pctl 2 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.3%
2025 · EU pctl 67 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
2,083,439
2025 · EU pctl 70
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
695 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 92 · NUTS-2 src
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
3,420 kt
2025 · EU pctl 23
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 3
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 4
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
35 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 74 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
28
CURRENT · EU pctl 22
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
4
CURRENT · EU pctl 90
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
138,476
2025 · EU pctl 46
Population aged 65+
65,856
2025 · EU pctl 56
Population aged under 15
23,460
2025 · EU pctl 35
Median age of population
52.0 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 94
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
47.6%
2025 · EU pctl 90
Crude rate of total population change
-2.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 26
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
6.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 61
Crude birth rate
5.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 13
Crude death rate
14.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 87
Live births
1,351
2024 · EU pctl 38
Deaths
3,357
2024 · EU pctl 56
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
64.5%
2025 · EU pctl 79
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.19
2024 · EU pctl 19
Population density (persons per km²)
1,071 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 90
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
235,490
2100 · EU pctl 54
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
312 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 23 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
899 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 25 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
216 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 31 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.4 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 34
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
65.6 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 88
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,056 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 65
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
61 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 79 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
2022 · EU pctl 20
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
2022 · EU pctl 14
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
2022 · EU pctl 20
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
2022 · EU pctl 15
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
2022 · EU pctl 25
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 54
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 19
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
290 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 60
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
12 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 66
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
30 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 21
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
23 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 97
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
15
2024 · EU pctl 55
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
21
2024 · EU pctl 90
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
62
2024 · EU pctl 82
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
12.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 21
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
0.1%
2021 · EU pctl 5
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Italy regions