NUTS-3 DED52 · Germany
Leipzig
Leipzig generates €8.5bn of GDP across 260.1k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 54.6/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by market access and livability. Its economy has grown +5.6%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 1.1pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for digital connectivity (79th EU percentile) and weakest for health (39.5th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Mid-field stable35 → 43 EU percentile since 1995 (+9 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Freight intensity89
Connectivity71
Talent & skills69
Labour market67
Quality of life57
Resilience56
Governance56
Growth momentum50
Cost advantage49
Energy cost36
Economic base35
Industrial base33
Demographic outlook8
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
54.6
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth49.8
Livability56.6
Market access59
Economic scale53
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
56.3
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability77
Labour stability19
Diversification76
Demographic stability53
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
70.7
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density79
Airport access74
Market access59
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
69
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary75
Lifelong learning64
Knowledge workers74
Scientists & engineers63
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
56.6
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy43
Jobs52
Education70
Health39.5
Safety54.7
Connectivity79
Environment58
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
49.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+5.6%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+4.6%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+1.0 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+1.4 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.1%
CAGR
Employment rate
+1.1 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-0.1 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Industry · 29%Diversified · HHI 2099
Agriculture 2.3%Industry 29%Construction 11.1%Trade · transport · ICT 17.4%Finance · real estate · prof. 16.9%Public · health · education 23.3%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€8,482M2023
5.8% 1y 5.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 53
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€7,286M2025
0.2% 1y 1.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 53
Population
260,1272025
0.2% 1y 0.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 51
Unemployment rate
5.3%2025
1.9% 1y 9.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 63
Employment
102,8502023
0.2% 1y 0.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 45
Productivity / employee
€86,8472025
3.3% 1y 5.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 58
Gross value added
€7,747M2023
7.4% 1y 6.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 54
All indicators · 82 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€7,747M
2023 · EU pctl 54
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€179M
2023 · EU pctl 56
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,243M
2023 · EU pctl 62
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,033M
2023 · EU pctl 42
GVA — construction (F)
€861M
2023 · EU pctl 76
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,349M
2023 · EU pctl 47
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€24,700
2023 · EU pctl 51 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
29,100 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 35
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€32,600
2023 · EU pctl 44
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€9,129M
2023 · EU pctl 31 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€1,577M
2023 · EU pctl 36 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€24,874M
2023 · EU pctl 38 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,308M
2023 · EU pctl 45
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,807M
2023 · EU pctl 57
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€7,286M
2025 · EU pctl 53
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€86,847
2025 · EU pctl 58
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,740M
2025 · EU pctl 48
Labour market
Employment, total persons
102,850
2023 · EU pctl 45
Self-employed persons
11,480
2023 · EU pctl 40
Employment in manufacturing (C)
16,350
2023 · EU pctl 48
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
80.7%
2025 · EU pctl 72 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
5.3%
2025 · EU pctl 63
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
125,700
2025 · EU pctl 50
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
9,467
2023 · EU pctl 38
Enterprise births
553
2023 · EU pctl 28
Enterprise deaths
804
2023 · EU pctl 43
3-year enterprise survival rate
2.5%
2023 · EU pctl 5
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
2.1%
2023 · EU pctl 70 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
6.2%
2025 · EU pctl 80 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
1.2%
2023 · EU pctl 53 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
39.7%
2025 · EU pctl 70 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
47.1%
2025 · EU pctl 75 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
12.6%
2025 · EU pctl 64 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
27.1%
2025 · EU pctl 74 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
9.4%
2025 · EU pctl 63 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
505,400
2024 · EU pctl 32
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
478 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 17 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
1,866
CURRENT · EU pctl 77
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
13,689 kt
2025 · EU pctl 75
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
717
CURRENT · EU pctl 79
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
32
CURRENT · EU pctl 26
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 50
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
151,973
2025 · EU pctl 49
Population aged 65+
72,946
2025 · EU pctl 60
Population aged under 15
35,208
2025 · EU pctl 50
Median age of population
51.1 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 90
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
48.0%
2025 · EU pctl 91
Crude rate of total population change
-2.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 28
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
6.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 66
Crude birth rate
5.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 3
Crude death rate
13.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 80
Live births
1,317
2024 · EU pctl 37
Deaths
3,617
2024 · EU pctl 60
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
71.2%
2025 · EU pctl 92
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.26
2024 · EU pctl 28
Population density (persons per km²)
162 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 58
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
211,286
2100 · EU pctl 49
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,076 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 66 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
239 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 63 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.8 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 56
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
26.9 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 59
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
355 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 75
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
823 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 52
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
35 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 28 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.78
2022 · EU pctl 59
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.56
2022 · EU pctl 56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.58
2022 · EU pctl 54
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.82
2022 · EU pctl 57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.53
2022 · EU pctl 34
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.161/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 64
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.055/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 53
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
144 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 39
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
10 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 61
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
57 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 48
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 5
Environment
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
11
2024 · EU pctl 42
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
52
2024 · EU pctl 38
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
54.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 73
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
3.3%
2021 · EU pctl 53
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Germany regions