NUTS-3 ITC4C · Italy
Population
3,246,4552025
GDP
€230,481M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
3%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
75.1%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
1,574.7 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ITC4C · HU110
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Milano (Opportunity 73). Runner-up: Budapest (65). Contrarian pick: Budapest — leads the set on Talent & skills (EU pctl 94).
#2Budapest
Strengths
Economic base (96) · Talent & skills (94)
Red flags
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Energy cost (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Milano
Its weakest dimension is Freight intensity (EU pctl 18) — Budapest may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Milano leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
72.5
65.0
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
35.5
24.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
48.6
53.6
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
70.3
61.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
29.5
94.0
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
53.2
63.2
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.6% 5y
3.3% 5y
Population
0.1% 5y
0.4% 5y
Unemployment rate
13.5% 5y
0.6% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€70,995
€47,591
Population density
2,062 /km²
3,207 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€207,052M
€68,915M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€288M
€123M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€31,679M
€8,345M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€24,765M
€5,511M
GVA — construction (F)
€8,915M
€2,529M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€62,205M
€20,091M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€26,600
€18,600
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
73,900 PPS
67,200 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€71,200
€47,600
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€101,220M
€12,429M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€19,922M
€1,051M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€188,904M
€31,410M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€23,051M
€8,594M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€17,421M
€6,915M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€79,975M
€25,310M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€23,987M
€12,517M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€209,864M
€60,734M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€111,626
€50,811
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€48,283M
€11,934M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
2,127,000
1,668,320
Self-employed persons
380,300
67,050
Employment in manufacturing (C)
225,900
119,430
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
71.7%
81.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
10.9%
13.0%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
2.9%
3.2%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
1,539,900
949,100
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
336,627
245,891
Enterprise births
29,755
23,759
Enterprise deaths
19,744
6,945
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.1%
5.2%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.2%
2.3%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
5.3%
12.7%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.6%
4.1%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
23.6%
59.3%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
34.0%
62.0%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
11.8%
16.2%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
18.7%
46.9%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
5.2%
16.6%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
96.5%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
22,844,935
11,677,423
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
640 /1k
429 /1k
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
4,954
5,383
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
48,414 kt
13,227 kt
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
153
319
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
32 km/1000km²
120 km/1000km²
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
13
11
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
2,099,966
1,128,114
Population aged 65+
752,754
350,479
Population aged under 15
393,735
206,616
Median age of population
47.6 yrs
44.0 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
35.8%
31.1%
Crude rate of total population change
0.3 /1k
-0.6 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.5 /1k
4.1 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.6 /1k
7.5 /1k
Crude death rate
9.8 /1k
12.2 /1k
Live births
21,441
12,634
Deaths
31,866
20,564
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
54.6%
49.4%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.14
1.07
Population density (persons per km²)
2,081 /km²
3,305 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
3,516,427
1,540,845
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
12.5%
10.7%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
84.4 yrs
78.9 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
9.2%
7.2%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
322 /100k
930 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
835 /100k
1,374 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
222 /100k
291 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
0.8 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
129 /100k
10.8 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
3,560 /100k
928 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
38 /M
25 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
0.66
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
0.29
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.24
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.04
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
0.67
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
€0.171/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
118 m
142 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
33 days/yr
26 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
43 days/yr
72 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
19 days/yr
4 days/yr