NUTS-3 PL613 · Poland
Population
739,8812025
GDP
€14,922M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
4.1%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
78.6%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
2,914.5 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL613 · LT022
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Kauno apskritis (Opportunity 52). Runner-up: Bydgosko-toruński (48). Contrarian pick: Bydgosko-toruński — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 91).
Strengths
Growth momentum (81) · Cost advantage (80)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Cost advantage (91) · Energy cost (79)
Red flags
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Kauno apskritis
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Demographic outlook (EU pctl 3) — Bydgosko-toruński may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Kauno apskritis · Manufacturing → Kauno apskritis · Office → Kauno apskritis · Residential → Bydgosko-toruński.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
48.1
51.7
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
25.3
46.8
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
35.4
32.3
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
24.0
29.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
24.0
58.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
33.5
66.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
56.8
81.4
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.6% 5y
3.0% 5y
Population
0.9% 5y
0.7% 5y
Unemployment rate
17.9% 5y
2.4% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€20,168
€26,988
Population density
254 /km²
73 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€13,483M
€14,200M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€169M
€283M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,461M
€2,957M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,887M
€2,699M
GVA — construction (F)
€1,011M
€1,270M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€3,999M
€4,865M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€10,900
€14,200
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
29,000 PPS
34,500 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€19,600
€27,000
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€5,384M
€10,284M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,236M
€1,567M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€12,111M
€21,259M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€974M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€544M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,140M
€2,226M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,703M
€2,599M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€12,996M
€11,938M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€46,261
€53,826
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,985M
€4,158M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
396,100
316,480
Self-employed persons
66,900
36,970
Employment in manufacturing (C)
73,400
56,940
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
75.2%
78.7%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
15.8%
15.5%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.1%
7.7%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
358,900
307,100
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
60,268
74,050
Enterprise births
6,763
14,697
Enterprise deaths
7,352
11,976
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.5%
6.1%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.8%
0.7%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.4%
2.9%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.7%
0.6%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
31.9%
42.7%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
32.3%
52.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
10.1%
9.4%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
21.6%
26.8%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.0%
9.7%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.0%
87.8%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
1,314,860
1,485,242
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
613 /1k
611 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
22,175 kt
11,402 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2,104
2,845
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
9 km/1000km²
7 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
284
484
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
126
5
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
474,374
379,049
Population aged 65+
160,467
123,890
Population aged under 15
105,040
84,572
Median age of population
43.9 yrs
43.7 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
33.8%
32.7%
Crude rate of total population change
-2.3 /1k
3.5 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
2.1 /1k
8.8 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.4 /1k
7.2 /1k
Crude death rate
10.8 /1k
12.5 /1k
Live births
4,710
4,240
Deaths
7,967
7,330
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.0%
55.0%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.03
1.16
Population density (persons per km²)
260 /km²
75 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
555,799
341,663
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
21.4%
30.7%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
78.2 yrs
77.2 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
19.3%
26.2%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
959 /100k
511 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,562 /100k
1,630 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
294 /100k
259 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.3 /100k
1.9 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
14.6 /100k
11.3 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
149 /100k
23.6 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
295 /100k
480 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
65 /M
49 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.94
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
1.19
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
1.23
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.86
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.96
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.136/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.050/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
59 m
96 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
7 days/yr
4 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
77 days/yr
101 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
3 days/yr