NUTS-3 NL363 · Netherlands
Agglomeratie Leiden en Bollenstreek
Export region data (CSV)Agglomeratie Leiden en Bollenstreek generates €23bn of GDP across 447.6k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 77/100 puts it in the upper quartile of EU regions, led by market access and economic scale. Its economy has grown +6.5%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 3.0pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for education (90th EU percentile) and weakest for health (54th).
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
77
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth58.8
Livability70.1
Market access95
Economic scale84
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
80.5
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability47
Labour stability98
Diversification91
Demographic stability86
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
71.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density32
Airport access87
Market access95
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
93.3
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary92
Lifelong learning95
Knowledge workers93
Scientists & engineers93
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
67.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.57.1 µg/m³
PM1014.1 µg/m³
NO29.5 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
70.1
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy71.5
Jobs59.5
Education90
Health54
Safety84
Connectivity63
Environment69
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
58.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+6.5%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+4.4%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+2.1 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+0.4 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.8%
CAGR
Employment rate
+3.0 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+0.4 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Finance · real estate · prof. · 25.9%Diversified · HHI 1944
Agriculture 1.2%Industry 16.3%Construction 4%Trade · transport · ICT 18.6%Finance · real estate · prof. 25.9%Public · health · education 25.3%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
All indicators · 63 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€20,570M
2024 · EU pctl 84
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€248M
2023 · EU pctl 67
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,362M
2023 · EU pctl 77
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,969M
2023 · EU pctl 80
GVA — construction (F)
€820M
2023 · EU pctl 74
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€3,833M
2023 · EU pctl 82
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€26,500
2023 · EU pctl 62 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
44,000 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 81
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€51,300
2024 · EU pctl 85
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€47,953M
2023 · EU pctl 91 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€3,533M
2023 · EU pctl 76 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€103,312M
2023 · EU pctl 89 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€2,022M
2023 · EU pctl 75
GVA — information & communication (J)
€449M
2023 · EU pctl 73
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€5,335M
2023 · EU pctl 84
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€5,202M
2023 · EU pctl 87
Labour market
Employment, total persons
227,000
2024 · EU pctl 77
Self-employed persons
40,500
2023 · EU pctl 81
Employment in manufacturing (C)
15,300
2023 · EU pctl 45
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
84.3%
2025 · EU pctl 95 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
11.4%
2025 · EU pctl 41 · NUTS-2 src
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
53,473
2023 · EU pctl 87
Enterprise births
4,725
2023 · EU pctl 83
Enterprise deaths
2,581
2023 · EU pctl 75
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.8%
2023 · EU pctl 97
Innovation & R&D
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
5.4%
2025 · EU pctl 72 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
47.3%
2025 · EU pctl 90 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
56.7%
2025 · EU pctl 92 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
26.5%
2025 · EU pctl 95 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
33.0%
2025 · EU pctl 93 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
13.2%
2025 · EU pctl 93 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
99.2%
2025 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
2,606,917
2024 · EU pctl 74
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
440 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 10 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
864
CURRENT · EU pctl 49
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
193
CURRENT · EU pctl 32
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
19
CURRENT · EU pctl 13
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 50
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
290,147
2025 · EU pctl 75
Population aged 65+
92,219
2025 · EU pctl 70
Population aged under 15
65,235
2025 · EU pctl 74
Median age of population
41.9 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 11
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
31.8%
2025 · EU pctl 21
Crude rate of total population change
4.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 72
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 49
Crude birth rate
8.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 76
Crude death rate
9.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 13
Live births
3,875
2024 · EU pctl 77
Deaths
4,084
2024 · EU pctl 65
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
54.3%
2025 · EU pctl 18
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.31
2024 · EU pctl 35
Population density (persons per km²)
1,567 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 94
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE)
17.2%
2025 · EU pctl 32 · NUTS-2 src
Life expectancy at birth
82.0 yrs
2024 · EU pctl 54 · NUTS-2 src
Health
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
239 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 63 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
28 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 16 · NUTS-2 src
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
0 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 1
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
3 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 21
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
23 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 16
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 33
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
14
2024 · EU pctl 42
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
10
2024 · EU pctl 29
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
58
2024 · EU pctl 71
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Netherlands regions