NUTS-3 NL363 · Netherlands
Agglomeratie Leiden en Bollenstreek
Agglomeratie Leiden en Bollenstreek generates €23bn of GDP across 447.6k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 77/100 puts it in the upper quartile of EU regions, led by market access and economic scale. Its economy has grown +6.5%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 3.0pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for education (90th EU percentile) and weakest for health (54th).
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Digital readiness94
Talent & skills93
Economic base81
Resilience80
Labour market75
Connectivity71
Quality of life70
Air quality67
Energy cost61
Growth momentum59
Cost advantage38
Industrial base38
Freight intensity19
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
77
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth58.8
Livability70.1
Market access95
Economic scale84
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
80.3
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability47
Labour stability97
Diversification91
Demographic stability86
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
71.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density32
Airport access87
Market access95
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
93.3
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary92
Lifelong learning95
Knowledge workers93
Scientists & engineers93
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
67.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.57.1 µg/m³
PM1014.1 µg/m³
NO29.5 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
70.1
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy71.5
Jobs59.5
Education90
Health54
Safety84
Connectivity63
Environment69
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
58.8
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+6.5%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+4.4%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+2.1 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+0.4 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.8%
CAGR
Employment rate
+3.0 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+0.4 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Finance · real estate · prof. · 25.9%Diversified · HHI 1944
Agriculture 1.2%Industry 16.3%Construction 4%Trade · transport · ICT 18.6%Finance · real estate · prof. 25.9%Public · health · education 25.3%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2024
GDP (current prices)
€22,921M2024
9.7% 1y 6.4% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 84
Population
447,6012025
0.4% 1y 0.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 74
Employment
227,0002024
1.7% 1y 1.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 77
Gross value added
€20,570M2024
9.4% 1y 6.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 84
All indicators · 69 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€20,570M
2024 · EU pctl 84
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€248M
2023 · EU pctl 67
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,362M
2023 · EU pctl 77
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,969M
2023 · EU pctl 80
GVA — construction (F)
€820M
2023 · EU pctl 74
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€3,833M
2023 · EU pctl 82
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€26,500
2023 · EU pctl 62 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
44,000 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 81
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€51,300
2024 · EU pctl 85
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€47,953M
2023 · EU pctl 91 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€3,533M
2023 · EU pctl 76 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€103,312M
2023 · EU pctl 89 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€2,022M
2023 · EU pctl 75
GVA — information & communication (J)
€449M
2023 · EU pctl 73
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€5,335M
2023 · EU pctl 84
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€5,202M
2023 · EU pctl 87
Labour market
Employment, total persons
227,000
2024 · EU pctl 77
Self-employed persons
40,500
2023 · EU pctl 81
Employment in manufacturing (C)
15,300
2023 · EU pctl 45
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
84.3%
2025 · EU pctl 95 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
11.4%
2025 · EU pctl 41 · NUTS-2 src
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
53,473
2023 · EU pctl 87
Enterprise births
4,725
2023 · EU pctl 83
Enterprise deaths
2,581
2023 · EU pctl 75
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.8%
2023 · EU pctl 97
Innovation & R&D
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
5.4%
2025 · EU pctl 72 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
47.3%
2025 · EU pctl 90 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
56.7%
2025 · EU pctl 92 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
26.5%
2025 · EU pctl 95 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
33.0%
2025 · EU pctl 93 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
13.2%
2025 · EU pctl 93 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
99.2%
2025 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
2,606,917
2024 · EU pctl 74
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
440 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 10 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
866
CURRENT · EU pctl 49
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
7,073 kt
2025 · EU pctl 49
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
194
CURRENT · EU pctl 32
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
134 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 99 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
19
CURRENT · EU pctl 13
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 50
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
290,147
2025 · EU pctl 75
Population aged 65+
92,219
2025 · EU pctl 70
Population aged under 15
65,235
2025 · EU pctl 74
Median age of population
41.9 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 11
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
31.8%
2025 · EU pctl 21
Crude rate of total population change
4.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 71
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 48
Crude birth rate
8.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 76
Crude death rate
9.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 13
Live births
3,875
2024 · EU pctl 77
Deaths
4,084
2024 · EU pctl 65
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
54.3%
2025 · EU pctl 18
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.31
2024 · EU pctl 35
Population density (persons per km²)
1,567 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 94
Health
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
239 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 63 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
28 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 16 · NUTS-2 src
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.142/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 39
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.039/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 0
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
0 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 1
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
3 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 21
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
23 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 16
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 33
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
14
2024 · EU pctl 42
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
10
2024 · EU pctl 29
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
58
2024 · EU pctl 71
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
3.3%
2021 · EU pctl 52
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Netherlands regions