NUTS-3 ITI12 · Italy
Population
381,3902025
GDP
€13,907M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
4.3%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
76%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
1,773.4 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ITI12 · ITG2F
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Lucca (Opportunity 59). Runner-up: Cagliari (43). Contrarian pick: Cagliari — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 67).
#1Lucca
Strengths
Industrial base (77) · Connectivity (72)
Red flags
Flood: 22% of population in the 100-year floodplain
#2Cagliari
Strengths
Cost advantage (67) · Economic base (60)
Red flags
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Lucca
Flood: 22% of population in the 100-year floodplain. Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 20) — Cagliari may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Lucca leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
- Flood defences, return-period design and insurance for flagged regions
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
58.8
42.9
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
48.5
29.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
54.0
38.5
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
72.0
51.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
23.3
19.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
56.0
50.0
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.8% 5y
4.1% 5y
Population
0.1% 5y
0.3% 5y
Unemployment rate
9.5% 5y
8.3% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€36,463
€34,541
Population density
215 /km²
333 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€12,493M
€12,956M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€131M
€79M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,376M
€1,460M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,087M
€1,078M
GVA — construction (F)
€832M
€836M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,711M
€3,283M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€23,000
€18,900
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
37,800 PPS
35,700 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€36,400
€34,400
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€29,682M
€10,118M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€5,009M
€512M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€51,756M
€16,391M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€1,742M
€1,449M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€201M
€483M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€3,370M
€3,452M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,075M
€3,846M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€12,702M
€13,498M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€83,985
€72,013
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€3,004M
€3,545M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
168,300
206,000
Self-employed persons
44,200
42,300
Employment in manufacturing (C)
31,700
9,500
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
73.7%
64.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
15.1%
24.6%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.3%
9.2%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
181,600
179,900
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
35,280
33,875
Enterprise births
2,339
2,825
Enterprise deaths
1,975
2,037
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.6%
4.5%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.4%
0.8%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.7%
1.7%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.5%
0.6%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
23.8%
18.4%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
30.8%
23.8%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
11.7%
12.7%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
17.4%
16.3%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
4.9%
4.2%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.6%
94.3%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
5,181,703
2,725,520
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
744 /1k
719 /1k
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
4,457
1,765
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
9,292 kt
5,306 kt
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
1,169
423
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
23 km/1000km²
—
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
38
13
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
237,110
268,163
Population aged 65+
103,777
108,884
Population aged under 15
40,503
40,485
Median age of population
51.4 yrs
51.2 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
43.8%
40.6%
Crude rate of total population change
-1.1 /1k
-3.4 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
6.2 /1k
2.5 /1k
Crude birth rate
5.3 /1k
4.3 /1k
Crude death rate
12.6 /1k
10.3 /1k
Live births
2,007
1,819
Deaths
4,794
4,289
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
60.8%
55.7%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.08
0.84
Population density (persons per km²)
218 /km²
—
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
306,435
—
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
18.1%
29.7%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
84.2 yrs
83.2 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
12.8%
26.1%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
285 /100k
293 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
848 /100k
857 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
209 /100k
224 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.3 /100k
0.7 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
35.3 /100k
37.8 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,382 /100k
1,212 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
51 /M
72 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
0.72
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
0.60
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.57
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
0.57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
0.41
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
€0.159/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
770 m
393 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
5 days/yr
51 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
65 days/yr
1 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
27 days/yr
4 days/yr