NUTS-3 ITC48 · Italy
Pavia
Export region data (CSV)Pavia generates €16bn of GDP across 541.9k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 60.6/100 puts it in the upper quartile of EU regions, led by economic scale and market access. Its economy has grown +3.6%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 3.3pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (92.5th EU percentile) and weakest for clean environment (19th).
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
60.6
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth44.6
Livability46.6
Market access75
Economic scale76
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
46.8
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability38
Labour stability47
Diversification54
Demographic stability48
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
50
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density16
Airport access59
Market access75
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
29.5
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary27
Lifelong learning62
Knowledge workers19
Scientists & engineers10
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
46.6
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy53.5
Jobs57
Education23
Health92.5
Safety44
Connectivity37
Environment19
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
44.6
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+3.6%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+2.7%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.9 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.0 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.1%
CAGR
Employment rate
+3.3 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-2.1 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Finance · real estate · prof. · 30.7%Diversified · HHI 2222
Agriculture 2.1%Industry 22.3%Construction 6.5%Trade · transport · ICT 19.4%Finance · real estate · prof. 30.7%Public · health · education 19%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
All indicators · 70 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€14,716M
2023 · EU pctl 76
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€315M
2023 · EU pctl 75
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,280M
2023 · EU pctl 75
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,836M
2023 · EU pctl 78
GVA — construction (F)
€959M
2023 · EU pctl 79
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,858M
2023 · EU pctl 75
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€26,600
2024 · EU pctl 63 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
31,600 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 44
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€30,500
2023 · EU pctl 38
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€101,220M
2023 · EU pctl 98 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€19,922M
2023 · EU pctl 98 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€188,904M
2023 · EU pctl 98 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€2,116M
2023 · EU pctl 76
GVA — information & communication (J)
€223M
2023 · EU pctl 59
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€4,515M
2023 · EU pctl 82
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,789M
2023 · EU pctl 72
Labour market
Employment, total persons
199,200
2023 · EU pctl 73
Self-employed persons
50,700
2023 · EU pctl 87
Employment in manufacturing (C)
32,600
2023 · EU pctl 74
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
71.7%
2025 · EU pctl 15 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
10.9%
2025 · EU pctl 38 · NUTS-2 src
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
37,947
2023 · EU pctl 79
Enterprise births
2,903
2023 · EU pctl 73
Enterprise deaths
2,313
2023 · EU pctl 73
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.0%
2023 · EU pctl 38
Innovation & R&D
EPO patent applications
24
2012 · EU pctl 60
EPO patent applications per million inhabitants
45 /M pop
2012 · EU pctl 36
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.2%
2023 · EU pctl 34 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
5.3%
2025 · EU pctl 70 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
23.6%
2025 · EU pctl 12 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
34.0%
2025 · EU pctl 27 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
11.8%
2025 · EU pctl 62 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
18.7%
2025 · EU pctl 19 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
5.2%
2025 · EU pctl 10 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
96.0%
2025 · EU pctl 58 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
643,092
2025 · EU pctl 39
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
640 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 74 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
49
CURRENT · EU pctl 20
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
9
CURRENT · EU pctl 16
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
47
CURRENT · EU pctl 41
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
4
CURRENT · EU pctl 90
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
342,342
2025 · EU pctl 79
Population aged 65+
137,577
2025 · EU pctl 86
Population aged under 15
62,030
2025 · EU pctl 72
Median age of population
49.9 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 84
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
40.2%
2025 · EU pctl 69
Crude rate of total population change
6.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 80
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
13.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 93
Crude birth rate
6.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 16
Crude death rate
13.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 74
Live births
3,282
2024 · EU pctl 73
Deaths
7,141
2024 · EU pctl 87
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
58.3%
2025 · EU pctl 43
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.19
2024 · EU pctl 19
Population density (persons per km²)
185 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 62
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE)
12.5%
2025 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
Life expectancy at birth
84.4 yrs
2024 · EU pctl 95 · NUTS-2 src
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
325 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 26 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
835 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 10 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
222 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 39 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.7 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 54
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
33.6 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 69
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,472 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 81
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
38 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 33 · NUTS-2 src
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
75 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 22
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
55 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 94
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
35 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 25
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
10 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 83
Environment
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
18
2024 · EU pctl 81
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
48
2024 · EU pctl 21
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Italy regions