NUTS-3 ES230 · Spain
La Rioja
Export region data (CSV)La Rioja generates €10bn of GDP across 326.8k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 50.3/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by economic scale and economic growth. Its economy has grown +3.9%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 4.9pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for health (91th EU percentile) and weakest for jobs (27.5th).
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
50.3
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth59.2
Livability52.9
Market access27
Economic scale62
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
53.5
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability50
Labour stability11
Diversification80
Demographic stability73
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
14
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density7
Airport access8
Market access27
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
48
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary80
Lifelong learning73
Knowledge workers31
Scientists & engineers8
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
62
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.57.7 µg/m³
PM1015.8 µg/m³
NO27.8 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
52.9
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy48
Jobs27.5
Education49
Health91
Safety49
Connectivity42.5
Environment63.3
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
59.2
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+3.9%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+3.3%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.6 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-0.2 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.5%
CAGR
Employment rate
+4.9 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-2.7 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Industry · 26.4%Diversified · HHI 2076
Agriculture 5.1%Industry 26.4%Construction 5.6%Trade · transport · ICT 21.1%Finance · real estate · prof. 20.4%Public · health · education 21.5%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
All indicators · 70 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€9,548M
2023 · EU pctl 62
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€484M
2023 · EU pctl 87
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,520M
2023 · EU pctl 66
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,049M
2023 · EU pctl 68
GVA — construction (F)
€531M
2023 · EU pctl 57
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,012M
2023 · EU pctl 63
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€18,900
2023 · EU pctl 33 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
36,400 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 63
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€32,400
2023 · EU pctl 43
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€1,685M
2023 · EU pctl 3 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€441M
2023 · EU pctl 9 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€4,737M
2024 · EU pctl 6 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,946M
2023 · EU pctl 60
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,055M
2023 · EU pctl 62
Labour market
Employment, total persons
146,300
2023 · EU pctl 61
Self-employed persons
24,300
2023 · EU pctl 64
Employment in manufacturing (C)
26,500
2023 · EU pctl 67
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
77.4%
2025 · EU pctl 47 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
25.5%
2025 · EU pctl 88 · NUTS-2 src
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
22,502
2023 · EU pctl 64
Enterprise births
1,532
2023 · EU pctl 55
Enterprise deaths
1,520
2023 · EU pctl 61
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.4%
2023 · EU pctl 16
Innovation & R&D
EPO patent applications
4
2012 · EU pctl 24
EPO patent applications per million inhabitants
13 /M pop
2012 · EU pctl 23
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
0.9%
2023 · EU pctl 22 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
2.2%
2025 · EU pctl 9 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
41.4%
2025 · EU pctl 76 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
48.9%
2025 · EU pctl 80 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
14.8%
2025 · EU pctl 73 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
20.6%
2025 · EU pctl 31 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
5.0%
2025 · EU pctl 8 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
97.1%
2025 · EU pctl 78 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
1,675,862
2024 · EU pctl 65
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
516 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 24 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
6
CURRENT · EU pctl 7
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 7
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
120
CURRENT · EU pctl 92
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
0
CURRENT · EU pctl 0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
210,722
2025 · EU pctl 63
Population aged 65+
73,503
2025 · EU pctl 61
Population aged under 15
42,578
2025 · EU pctl 59
Median age of population
47.0 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 59
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
34.9%
2025 · EU pctl 38
Crude rate of total population change
8.0 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 87
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
11.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 90
Crude birth rate
6.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 19
Crude death rate
10.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 25
Live births
2,049
2024 · EU pctl 54
Deaths
3,306
2024 · EU pctl 55
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
55.1%
2025 · EU pctl 22
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.16
2024 · EU pctl 16
Population density (persons per km²)
65 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 25
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE)
22.8%
2025 · EU pctl 66 · NUTS-2 src
Life expectancy at birth
83.9 yrs
2024 · EU pctl 89 · NUTS-2 src
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants
320 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 25 · NUTS-2 src
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
815 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 7 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
204 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.9 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 89
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
37.9 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 74
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
308 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 69
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
253 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 16
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
43 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 48 · NUTS-2 src
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
1,151 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 97
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
8 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 52
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
78 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 71
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
5 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 60
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
16
2024 · EU pctl 59
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
8
2024 · EU pctl 19
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
48
2024 · EU pctl 19
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Spain regions