NUTS-3 EE001 · Estonia
Põhja-Eesti
Põhja-Eesti generates €25bn of GDP across 647k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 57.6/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by economic scale and economic growth. Its economy has grown +7.6%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 3.5pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for clean environment (76th EU percentile) and weakest for health (17.5th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Long-run riser21 → 44 EU percentile since 1995 (+23 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Demographic outlook87
Economic base78
Cost advantage75
Energy cost73
Labour market72
Talent & skills70
Growth momentum69
Connectivity61
Governance56
Quality of life51
Digital readiness50
Resilience41
Industrial base19
Freight intensity11
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
57.6
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth69
Livability51.2
Market access25
Economic scale85
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
40.8
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability28
Labour stability21
Diversification18
Demographic stability96
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
61.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density67
Airport access92
Market access25
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
69.8
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary64
Lifelong learning90
Knowledge workers64
Scientists & engineers61
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
51.2
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy51.5
Jobs46
Education71
Health17.5
Safety38
Connectivity58.5
Environment76
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
69
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+7.6%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+7.0%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.6 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+1.7 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+1.3%
CAGR
Employment rate
+3.5 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+0.5 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Trade · transport · ICT · 33.3%Moderately concentrated · HHI 2542
Agriculture 0.3%Industry 12.4%Construction 5.5%Trade · transport · ICT 33.3%Finance · real estate · prof. 30.3%Public · health · education 18.3%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2024
GDP (current prices)
€25,164M2024
4.4% 1y 7.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 85
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€18,386M2025
0.6% 1y 1.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 82
Population
647,0242025
0.1% 1y 1.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 86
Unemployment rate
7.4%2025
0.0% 1y 2.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 79
Employment
371,1402024
0.8% 1y 1.4% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 90
Productivity / employee
€71,1752025
5.0% 1y 7.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 31
Gross value added
€22,047M2024
3.7% 1y 7.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 85
All indicators · 86 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€22,047M
2024 · EU pctl 85
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€67M
2024 · EU pctl 27
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,732M
2024 · EU pctl 68
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,118M
2024 · EU pctl 69
GVA — construction (F)
€1,204M
2024 · EU pctl 84
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€7,339M
2024 · EU pctl 91
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€15,400
2024 · EU pctl 25 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
42,300 PPS
2024 · EU pctl 78
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€38,800
2024 · EU pctl 61
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€9,522M
2024 · EU pctl 32 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€822M
2024 · EU pctl 19 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€20,179M
2024 · EU pctl 31 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€1,903M
2024 · EU pctl 74
GVA — information & communication (J)
€2,833M
2024 · EU pctl 91
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€6,676M
2024 · EU pctl 88
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€4,030M
2024 · EU pctl 82
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€18,386M
2025 · EU pctl 82
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€71,175
2025 · EU pctl 31
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€6,367M
2025 · EU pctl 88
Labour market
Employment, total persons
371,140
2024 · EU pctl 90
Self-employed persons
44,070
2024 · EU pctl 84
Employment in manufacturing (C)
51,520
2024 · EU pctl 88
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
81.7%
2025 · EU pctl 77 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
20.7%
2025 · EU pctl 73 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
7.4%
2025 · EU pctl 79
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
369,200
2025 · EU pctl 90
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
102,058
2023 · EU pctl 95
Enterprise births
15,528
2023 · EU pctl 97
Enterprise deaths
29,378
2023 · EU pctl 99
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.2%
2023 · EU pctl 68
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
2.0%
2024 · EU pctl 64 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
7.3%
2025 · EU pctl 90 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
1.4%
2024 · EU pctl 62 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
42.1%
2025 · EU pctl 78 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
44.3%
2025 · EU pctl 64 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
23.8%
2025 · EU pctl 90 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
25.5%
2025 · EU pctl 64 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
9.2%
2025 · EU pctl 61 · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
95.4%
2025 · EU pctl 50 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
3,576,218
2024 · EU pctl 81
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
635 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 70 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
3,696
CURRENT · EU pctl 93
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
7,714 kt
2025 · EU pctl 53
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
5 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
571
CURRENT · EU pctl 67
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
14
CURRENT · EU pctl 7
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 15
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
425,389
2025 · EU pctl 87
Population aged 65+
116,583
2025 · EU pctl 79
Population aged under 15
105,052
2025 · EU pctl 88
Median age of population
41.0 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 7
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
27.4%
2025 · EU pctl 7
Crude rate of total population change
1.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 52
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
2.8 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 33
Crude birth rate
7.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 41
Crude death rate
9.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 14
Live births
4,798
2024 · EU pctl 84
Deaths
5,925
2024 · EU pctl 81
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
52.1%
2025 · EU pctl 11
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.08
2024 · EU pctl 7
Population density (persons per km²)
151 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 56
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
723,007
2100 · EU pctl 89
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,322 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 81 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
238 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 62 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.2 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 76
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
6.3 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 13
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
787 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 49
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
50 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 61 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.36
2022 · EU pctl 44
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.54
2022 · EU pctl 56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.52
2022 · EU pctl 53
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.60
2022 · EU pctl 56
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.87
2022 · EU pctl 90
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.119/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 27
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.053/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 44
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
50 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 15
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
2 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 12
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
127 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 93
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
1 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 0
Environment
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
9
2024 · EU pctl 24
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
57
2024 · EU pctl 66
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
45.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 67
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
1.2%
2021 · EU pctl 24
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Estonia regions