Country profile · EE
Estonia
5 NUTS-3 regions · aggregated from free, no-auth EU public data. Browse all regions → · Screen sites in Estonia →
Population
1.4m
GDP
€39.8B
GDP per capita
€29,086
Population density
30 /km²
Unemployment
7.5%
pop-weighted
Employment
81.7%
pop-weighted
Area
45,354.9 km²
NUTS-3 regions
5
Country indicators · 86 metrics (sums & pop-weighted averages)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€34.9B
country total
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€704M
country total
GVA — industry (B–E)
€5.9B
country total
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€4.3B
country total
GVA — construction (F)
€2.2B
country total
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€9.6B
country total
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€15,400
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
31,581 PPS
pop-weighted avg
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€28,989
pop-weighted avg
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€47.6B
country total · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€4.1B
country total · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€100.9B
country total · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€3.6B
country total
GVA — information & communication (J)
€3.2B
country total
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€9.4B
country total
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€7.2B
country total
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€29.1B
country total
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€58,992
pop-weighted avg
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€10.1B
country total
Labour market
Employment, total persons
690.9k
country total
Self-employed persons
82.3k
country total
Employment in manufacturing (C)
109.7k
country total
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
81.7%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
20.7%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
7.4%
pop-weighted avg
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
754.9k
country total
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
165.2k
country total
Enterprise births
23.5k
country total
Enterprise deaths
45.4k
country total
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.0%
pop-weighted avg
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
2.0%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
7.3%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
1.4%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
42.1%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
44.3%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
23.8%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
25.5%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
9.2%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Digital
Households with internet access
95.4%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
6.6m
country total
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
635 /1k
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
6k kt
pop-weighted avg
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
18.2k
country total
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
1.3k
pop-weighted avg
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
5 km/1000km²
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
74.3
pop-weighted avg
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
country total
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
869.8k
country total
Population aged 65+
286.4k
country total
Population aged under 15
213.7k
country total
Median age of population
43.3 yrs
pop-weighted avg
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
33.2%
pop-weighted avg
Crude rate of total population change
-3.4 /1k
pop-weighted avg
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
1.0 /1k
pop-weighted avg
Crude birth rate
7.1 /1k
pop-weighted avg
Crude death rate
11.5 /1k
pop-weighted avg
Live births
9.7k
country total
Deaths
15.8k
country total
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
57.7%
pop-weighted avg
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.17
pop-weighted avg
Population density (persons per km²)
95 /km²
pop-weighted avg
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
1m
country total
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE)
21.8%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Life expectancy at birth
79.4 yrs
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional)
19.5%
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,322 /100k
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
238 /100k
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.2 /100k
pop-weighted avg
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
7.3 /100k
pop-weighted avg
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
730 /100k
pop-weighted avg
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
50 /M
pop-weighted avg · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.36
pop-weighted avg
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.54
pop-weighted avg
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.52
pop-weighted avg
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.60
pop-weighted avg
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.87
pop-weighted avg
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.119/kWh
pop-weighted avg
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.053/kWh
pop-weighted avg
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
51 m
pop-weighted avg
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
1 days/yr
pop-weighted avg
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
126 days/yr
pop-weighted avg
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
1 days/yr
pop-weighted avg
environment
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
5.9
pop-weighted avg
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
56.7
pop-weighted avg
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
39.7 /100k
pop-weighted avg
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
2.3%
pop-weighted avg
Largest regions by GDP