NUTS-3 DE222 · Germany
Passau, Kreisfreie Stadt
Opportunity41Momentum27Resilience52Quality of life58vs nearest peer: Kempten (Allgäu), Kreisfreie Stadt →
Passau, Kreisfreie Stadt generates €4.2bn of GDP across 53k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 40.8/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by livability and market access. Its economy has grown +3.1%/yr over five years, with the employment rate up 1.9pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for jobs (91.5th EU percentile) and weakest for education (19th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Enduring leader95 → 95 EU percentile since 1995 (+0 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Economic base97
Labour market90
Connectivity59
Quality of life58
Governance56
Resilience52
Industrial base43
Energy cost36
Freight intensity29
Growth momentum27
Talent & skills23
Demographic outlook22
Air quality21
Cost advantage15
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
40.8
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth26.6
Livability57.7
Market access54
Economic scale25
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
52.3
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability40
Labour stability77
Diversification42
Demographic stability50
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
59.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density89
Airport access35
Market access54
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
22.8
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary24
Lifelong learning8
Knowledge workers21
Scientists & engineers38
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
21.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.510.2 µg/m³
PM1016.9 µg/m³
NO223.3 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
57.7
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy91
Jobs91.5
Education19
Health34.5
Safety57
Connectivity89
Environment21.7
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
26.6
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+3.1%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+3.2%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
-0.2 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-1.1 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.1%
CAGR
Employment rate
+1.9 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+0.9 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Public · health · education · 31%Diversified · HHI 2300
Agriculture 0.1%Industry 17.5%Construction 7.1%Trade · transport · ICT 22.4%Finance · real estate · prof. 21.9%Public · health · education 31%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€4,230M2023
2.9% 1y 3.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 25
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€3,511M2025
0.2% 1y 0.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 25
Population
53,0392025
0.3% 1y 0.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 4
Unemployment rate
3.0%2025
50.0% 1y 6.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 14
Employment
56,1002023
0.5% 1y 0.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 20
Productivity / employee
€79,0972025
3.3% 1y 3.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 40
Gross value added
€3,864M2023
4.3% 1y 3.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 25
All indicators · 82 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€3,864M
2023 · EU pctl 25
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€3M
2023 · EU pctl 2
GVA — industry (B–E)
€675M
2023 · EU pctl 20
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€604M
2023 · EU pctl 26
GVA — construction (F)
€274M
2023 · EU pctl 30
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€865M
2023 · EU pctl 31
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€29,300
2023 · EU pctl 85 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
71,600 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 97
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€80,400
2023 · EU pctl 97
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€15,377M
2023 · EU pctl 54 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€3,308M
2023 · EU pctl 72 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€31,040M
2023 · EU pctl 47 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€847M
2023 · EU pctl 28
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,199M
2023 · EU pctl 39
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€3,511M
2025 · EU pctl 25
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€79,097
2025 · EU pctl 40
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,060M
2025 · EU pctl 27
Labour market
Employment, total persons
56,100
2023 · EU pctl 20
Self-employed persons
3,390
2023 · EU pctl 5
Employment in manufacturing (C)
7,340
2023 · EU pctl 19
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
83.5%
2025 · EU pctl 89 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.0%
2025 · EU pctl 14
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
30,200
2025 · EU pctl 5
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
2,574
2023 · EU pctl 5
Enterprise births
193
2023 · EU pctl 6
Enterprise deaths
185
2023 · EU pctl 5
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.9%
2023 · EU pctl 37
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
0.7%
2023 · EU pctl 14 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
3.7%
2025 · EU pctl 34 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.7%
2023 · EU pctl 26 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
28.7%
2025 · EU pctl 24 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
33.3%
2025 · EU pctl 24 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
6.2%
2025 · EU pctl 8 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
18.8%
2025 · EU pctl 21 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
7.6%
2025 · EU pctl 38 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
480,582
2024 · EU pctl 31
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
681 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 89 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
487
CURRENT · EU pctl 35
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
1,048 kt
2025 · EU pctl 4
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
918
CURRENT · EU pctl 89
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
69
CURRENT · EU pctl 65
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
CURRENT · EU pctl 75
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
34,972
2025 · EU pctl 5
Population aged 65+
11,862
2025 · EU pctl 4
Population aged under 15
6,205
2025 · EU pctl 3
Median age of population
42.4 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 15
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
33.9%
2025 · EU pctl 31
Crude rate of total population change
2.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 61
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
6.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 69
Crude birth rate
8.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 59
Crude death rate
12.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 61
Live births
428
2024 · EU pctl 6
Deaths
649
2024 · EU pctl 4
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
51.7%
2025 · EU pctl 9
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.17
2024 · EU pctl 17
Population density (persons per km²)
815 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 88
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
45,044
2100 · EU pctl 4
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,108 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 70 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
231 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 55 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.0 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 0
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
30.3 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 63
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
155 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 37
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,278 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 75
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
47 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 54 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.78
2022 · EU pctl 59
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.56
2022 · EU pctl 56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.58
2022 · EU pctl 54
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.82
2022 · EU pctl 57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.53
2022 · EU pctl 34
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.161/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 64
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.055/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 53
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
345 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 66
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
10 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 59
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
79 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 72
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
5 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 60
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
17
2024 · EU pctl 66
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
23
2024 · EU pctl 94
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
8.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 13
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
9.4%
2021 · EU pctl 86
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Germany regions