NUTS-3 FR108 · France
Population
1,297,2102025
GDP
€48,228M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
8.8%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
76.5%2025
Active firms
261,2602026
Cadastral parcels
506,7532026
Area
1,252 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
FR108 · FR104
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Val-d’Oise (Opportunity 74). Runner-up: Essonne (72). Contrarian pick: Essonne — leads the set on Demographic outlook (EU pctl 91).
Strengths
Talent & skills (95) · Demographic outlook (88)
Red flags
Cost advantage (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
#2Essonne
Strengths
Talent & skills (95) · Demographic outlook (91)
Red flags
Cost advantage (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Val-d’Oise
Cost advantage (EU bottom 15%); Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%); Industrial base (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Industrial base (EU pctl 13) — Essonne may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Val-d’Oise leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
73.5
72.3
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
64.0
67.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
63.3
62.5
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
63.7
43.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
76.0
77.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
94.5
94.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
38.8
35.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.5% 5y
1.8% 5y
Population
0.7% 5y
0.8% 5y
Unemployment rate
1.4% 5y
1.4% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€37,178
€46,603
Population density
1,036 /km²
747 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
391
430
Firms per 1k pop
201
189
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€43,082M
€56,510M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€39M
€52M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,929M
€5,431M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,302M
€4,473M
GVA — construction (F)
€3,089M
€3,629M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€11,749M
€13,531M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€29,600
€29,600
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
34,700 PPS
43,600 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€37,700
€47,300
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€192,308M
€192,308M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€9,999M
€9,999M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€456,581M
€456,581M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€7,939M
€9,004M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€1,113M
€2,027M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€13,237M
€21,899M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€11,039M
€11,968M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€44,433M
€58,225M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€106,829
€117,986
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€10,889M
€14,268M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
460,100
545,900
Self-employed persons
40,000
42,800
Employment in manufacturing (C)
27,900
36,400
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
76.6%
76.6%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
21.2%
21.2%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
8.8%
8.8%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
638,900
666,600
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
84,666
85,522
Enterprise births
14,503
14,081
Enterprise deaths
10,929
10,884
3-year enterprise survival rate
7.3%
7.1%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
2.9%
2.9%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
9.1%
9.1%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
3.0%
3.0%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
58.6%
58.6%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
72.7%
72.7%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
18.0%
18.0%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
40.1%
40.1%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
14.1%
14.1%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.2%
96.2%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
4,468,470
2,781,352
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
433 /1k
433 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
16,689 kt
22,790 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
4,588
5,783
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
52 km/1000km²
52 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
354
426
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
21
23
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
4
3
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
835,600
871,832
Population aged 65+
199,427
219,965
Population aged under 15
262,183
264,317
Median age of population
37.6 yrs
38.2 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
23.9%
25.2%
Crude rate of total population change
5.9 /1k
6.4 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-1.5 /1k
0.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
13.5 /1k
12.6 /1k
Crude death rate
6.1 /1k
6.6 /1k
Live births
17,446
17,072
Deaths
7,881
8,880
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
55.2%
55.5%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.99
1.91
Population density (persons per km²)
1,041 /km²
747 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
1,386,666
1,499,497
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
20.9%
20.9%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
84.6 yrs
84.6 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
16.9%
16.9%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
473 /100k
473 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
761 /100k
761 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
192 /100k
192 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.1 /100k
1.4 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
113 /100k
94.2 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
325 /100k
387 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
2,362 /100k
1,952 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
21 /M
21 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.46
1.46
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.27
1.27
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.02
1.02
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.39
1.39
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.02
0.02
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.107/kWh
€0.107/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.053/kWh
€0.053/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
54 m
119 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
8 days/yr
11 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
32 days/yr
32 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
3 days/yr