NUTS-3 DEA14 · Germany
Krefeld, Kreisfreie Stadt
Krefeld, Kreisfreie Stadt generates €11bn of GDP across 231.4k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 60.5/100 puts it in the upper quartile of EU regions, led by market access and economic scale. Its economy has grown +2.6%/yr over five years and cooling, with the employment rate up 1.8pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for economy (74th EU percentile) and weakest for clean environment (27th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Enduring leader88 → 78 EU percentile since 1995 (-10 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Economic base79
Connectivity79
Industrial base69
Freight intensity62
Governance56
Resilience56
Talent & skills44
Quality of life43
Growth momentum36
Energy cost36
Demographic outlook33
Labour market33
Cost advantage31
Air quality26
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
60.5
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth36.4
Livability42.7
Market access99
Economic scale64
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
55.8
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability69
Labour stability57
Diversification32
Demographic stability65
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
78.7
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density44
Airport access93
Market access99
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
43.8
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary35
Lifelong learning42
Knowledge workers45
Scientists & engineers53
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
26.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.510.6 µg/m³
PM1015.3 µg/m³
NO219.2 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
42.7
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy74
Jobs38.5
Education44.5
Health29
Safety41.7
Connectivity44
Environment27
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
36.4
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+2.6%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+3.3%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
-0.8 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
-1.6 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.3%
CAGR
Employment rate
+1.8 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-0.3 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Industry · 26.3%Diversified · HHI 2369
Agriculture 0.2%Industry 26.3%Construction 2.9%Trade · transport · ICT 26.1%Finance · real estate · prof. 22.1%Public · health · education 22.3%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€11,077M2023
5.8% 1y 2.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 64
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€9,315M2025
0.2% 1y 1.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 63
Population
231,4062025
0.4% 1y 0.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 47
Unemployment rate
4.9%2025
19.5% 1y 5.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 60
Employment
125,9202023
0.0% 1y 0.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 53
Productivity / employee
€92,8272025
3.3% 1y 3.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 72
Gross value added
€10,118M2023
7.4% 1y 3.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 64
All indicators · 84 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€10,118M
2023 · EU pctl 64
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€23M
2023 · EU pctl 12
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,664M
2023 · EU pctl 67
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,227M
2023 · EU pctl 71
GVA — construction (F)
€298M
2023 · EU pctl 33
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,640M
2023 · EU pctl 72
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€27,100
2023 · EU pctl 69 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
42,800 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 79
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€48,100
2023 · EU pctl 81
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€40,936M
2023 · EU pctl 87 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€5,526M
2023 · EU pctl 85 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€145,544M
2023 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,237M
2023 · EU pctl 65
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,255M
2023 · EU pctl 66
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€9,315M
2025 · EU pctl 63
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€92,827
2025 · EU pctl 72
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,736M
2025 · EU pctl 48
Labour market
Employment, total persons
125,920
2023 · EU pctl 53
Self-employed persons
9,420
2023 · EU pctl 33
Employment in manufacturing (C)
21,580
2023 · EU pctl 59
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
76.8%
2025 · EU pctl 42 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
8.1%
2025 · EU pctl 28 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.9%
2025 · EU pctl 60
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
117,400
2025 · EU pctl 48
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
8,846
2023 · EU pctl 35
Enterprise births
825
2023 · EU pctl 39
Enterprise deaths
848
2023 · EU pctl 45
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.7%
2023 · EU pctl 27
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.6%
2023 · EU pctl 53 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
4.6%
2025 · EU pctl 57 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
1.0%
2023 · EU pctl 44 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
31.8%
2025 · EU pctl 36 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
35.9%
2025 · EU pctl 35 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
9.6%
2025 · EU pctl 42 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
22.3%
2025 · EU pctl 45 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
8.7%
2025 · EU pctl 53 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
266,461
2024 · EU pctl 16
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
567 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 35 · NUTS-2 src
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
7,807 kt
2025 · EU pctl 54
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
817
CURRENT · EU pctl 47
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
353
CURRENT · EU pctl 44
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
14
CURRENT · EU pctl 7
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
6
CURRENT · EU pctl 99
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
147,816
2025 · EU pctl 48
Population aged 65+
51,534
2025 · EU pctl 43
Population aged under 15
32,056
2025 · EU pctl 48
Median age of population
45.6 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 44
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
34.9%
2025 · EU pctl 38
Crude rate of total population change
4.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 73
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
8.7 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 81
Crude birth rate
8.6 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 73
Crude death rate
12.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 70
Live births
1,981
2024 · EU pctl 53
Deaths
2,987
2024 · EU pctl 50
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.6%
2025 · EU pctl 31
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.45
2024 · EU pctl 61
Population density (persons per km²)
1,710 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 94
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
220,255
2100 · EU pctl 51
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,075 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 64 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
254 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 82 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.3 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 78
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
85.9 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 92
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
525 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 91
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
2,116 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 93
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
22 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 4 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.78
2022 · EU pctl 59
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.56
2022 · EU pctl 56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.58
2022 · EU pctl 54
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.82
2022 · EU pctl 57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.53
2022 · EU pctl 34
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.161/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 64
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.055/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 53
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
37 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 11
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
9 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 53
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
34 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 24
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 33
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
15
2024 · EU pctl 57
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
19
2024 · EU pctl 85
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
52
2024 · EU pctl 41
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
25.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 46
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
3.6%
2021 · EU pctl 56
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Germany regions