NUTS-3 DE935 · Germany
Lüneburg, Landkreis
Lüneburg, Landkreis generates €6.8bn of GDP across 179.4k residents. Its Opportunity Index of 54/100 is mid-table of EU regions, led by market access and livability. Its economy has grown +5.0%/yr over five years and accelerating, with the employment rate up 3.1pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for digital connectivity (83th EU percentile) and weakest for education (30.5th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Mid-field stable54 → 55 EU percentile since 1995 (+1 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Labour market72
Air quality72
Connectivity64
Demographic outlook63
Quality of life58
Governance56
Economic base54
Resilience53
Growth momentum50
Freight intensity46
Energy cost36
Talent & skills31
Industrial base26
Cost advantage22
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
54
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth50.4
Livability58.4
Market access63
Economic scale44
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
53.3
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability87
Labour stability67
Diversification39
Demographic stability20
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
63.7
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density83
Airport access45
Market access63
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
30.8
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary14
Lifelong learning26
Knowledge workers34
Scientists & engineers49
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
72
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.57.7 µg/m³
PM1012.4 µg/m³
NO29 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
58.4
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy66
Jobs75.5
Education30.5
Health38
Safety43
Connectivity83
Environment73
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
50.4
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+5.0%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+4.5%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
+0.5 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+0.8 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
-0.5%
CAGR
Employment rate
+3.1 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
-0.5 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Public · health · education · 32.9%Diversified · HHI 2319
Agriculture 2%Industry 15.6%Construction 6.2%Trade · transport · ICT 19.1%Finance · real estate · prof. 24.2%Public · health · education 32.9%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€6,814M2023
4.7% 1y 5.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 44
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€5,746M2025
0.2% 1y 0.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 44
Population
179,4482025
0.0% 1y 0.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 37
Unemployment rate
3.3%2025
22.2% 1y 3.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 22
Employment
88,4402023
0.3% 1y 0.6% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 40
Productivity / employee
€82,4462025
3.3% 1y 4.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 46
Gross value added
€6,224M2023
6.2% 1y 5.4% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 44
All indicators · 83 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€6,224M
2023 · EU pctl 44
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€123M
2023 · EU pctl 44
GVA — industry (B–E)
€969M
2023 · EU pctl 31
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€726M
2023 · EU pctl 31
GVA — construction (F)
€388M
2023 · EU pctl 43
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,190M
2023 · EU pctl 42
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€28,400
2023 · EU pctl 78 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
34,000 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 54
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€38,100
2023 · EU pctl 59
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€16,211M
2023 · EU pctl 58 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€1,023M
2023 · EU pctl 23 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€31,011M
2023 · EU pctl 46 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,505M
2023 · EU pctl 50
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,049M
2023 · EU pctl 62
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€5,746M
2025 · EU pctl 44
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€82,446
2025 · EU pctl 46
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,788M
2025 · EU pctl 50
Labour market
Employment, total persons
88,440
2023 · EU pctl 40
Self-employed persons
8,200
2023 · EU pctl 29
Employment in manufacturing (C)
9,560
2023 · EU pctl 27
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
80.2%
2025 · EU pctl 66 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.3%
2025 · EU pctl 22
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
93,700
2025 · EU pctl 39
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
6,542
2023 · EU pctl 26
Enterprise births
584
2023 · EU pctl 29
Enterprise deaths
589
2023 · EU pctl 32
3-year enterprise survival rate
3.6%
2023 · EU pctl 23
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
1.0%
2023 · EU pctl 26 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
3.5%
2025 · EU pctl 31 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
0.5%
2023 · EU pctl 11 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
31.6%
2025 · EU pctl 35 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
30.9%
2025 · EU pctl 14 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
8.3%
2025 · EU pctl 26 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
21.1%
2025 · EU pctl 34 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
8.4%
2025 · EU pctl 49 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
719,139
2024 · EU pctl 42
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
653 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 80 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
1,400
CURRENT · EU pctl 67
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
4,827 kt
2025 · EU pctl 36
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
780
CURRENT · EU pctl 83
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
59
CURRENT · EU pctl 54
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 15
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
115,600
2025 · EU pctl 37
Population aged 65+
38,525
2025 · EU pctl 32
Population aged under 15
25,323
2025 · EU pctl 38
Median age of population
45.6 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 44
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
33.3%
2025 · EU pctl 29
Crude rate of total population change
0.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 47
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 47
Crude birth rate
8.0 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 56
Crude death rate
12.1 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 57
Live births
1,436
2024 · EU pctl 40
Deaths
2,180
2024 · EU pctl 36
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
55.2%
2025 · EU pctl 22
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.36
2024 · EU pctl 43
Population density (persons per km²)
137 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 52
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
166,680
2100 · EU pctl 39
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,033 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 53 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
242 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 68 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.6 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 42
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
63.0 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 88
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
411 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 82
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,735 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 86
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
41 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 43 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.78
2022 · EU pctl 59
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.56
2022 · EU pctl 56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.58
2022 · EU pctl 54
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.82
2022 · EU pctl 57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.53
2022 · EU pctl 34
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.161/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 64
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.055/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 53
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
108 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 30
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
6 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 39
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
52 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 43
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 17
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
12
2024 · EU pctl 23
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
9
2024 · EU pctl 26
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
57
2024 · EU pctl 65
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
16.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 30
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
5.8%
2021 · EU pctl 72
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Germany regions