NUTS-3 DE212 · Germany
München, Kreisfreie Stadt
München, Kreisfreie Stadt generates €150bn of GDP across 1.5m residents. Its Opportunity Index of 74.2/100 puts it in the upper quartile of EU regions, led by economic scale and market access. Its economy has grown +4.4%/yr over five years, with the employment rate up 2.2pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for economy (98th EU percentile) and weakest for digital connectivity (36th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Enduring leader98 → 98 EU percentile since 1995 (-1 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Economic base98
Labour market97
Demographic outlook92
Talent & skills77
Quality of life69
Connectivity65
Resilience63
Governance56
Industrial base49
Growth momentum46
Air quality37
Energy cost36
Freight intensity9
Cost advantage2
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
74.2
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth45.6
Livability69.3
Market access83
Economic scale99
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
62.8
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability82
Labour stability93
Diversification15
Demographic stability61
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
65.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density36
Airport access77
Market access83
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
77
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary92
Lifelong learning33
Knowledge workers90
Scientists & engineers93
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
36.7
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.57.9 µg/m³
PM1016 µg/m³
NO221.5 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
69.3
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy98
Jobs92.5
Education91.5
Health70.5
Safety58.7
Connectivity36
Environment37.7
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
45.6
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+4.4%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+4.4%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
0.0 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+0.2 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.3%
CAGR
Employment rate
+2.2 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+0.2 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Finance · real estate · prof. · 33.8%Moderately concentrated · HHI 2601
Industry 18.8%Construction 2%Trade · transport · ICT 28.6%Finance · real estate · prof. 33.8%Public · health · education 16.8%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€150,229M2023
6.0% 1y 4.4% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 99
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€130,681M2025
0.2% 1y 1.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 99
Population
1,505,0052025
1.1% 1y 0.3% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 97
Unemployment rate
3.0%2025
11.1% 1y 0.7% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 14
Employment
1,203,6502023
1.8% 1y 1.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 99
Productivity / employee
€130,3922025
3.3% 1y 4.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 95
Gross value added
€137,220M2023
7.5% 1y 4.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 99
All indicators · 84 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€137,220M
2023 · EU pctl 99
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€30M
2023 · EU pctl 14
GVA — industry (B–E)
€25,729M
2023 · EU pctl 100
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€23,189M
2023 · EU pctl 100
GVA — construction (F)
€2,719M
2023 · EU pctl 96
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€39,232M
2023 · EU pctl 99
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€34,700
2023 · EU pctl 98 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
89,900 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 98
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€100,900
2023 · EU pctl 98
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€92,019M
2023 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€17,837M
2023 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€176,106M
2023 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€46,447M
2023 · EU pctl 99
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€23,064M
2023 · EU pctl 99
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€130,681M
2025 · EU pctl 99
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€130,392
2025 · EU pctl 95
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€39,825M
2025 · EU pctl 99
Labour market
Employment, total persons
1,203,650
2023 · EU pctl 99
Self-employed persons
87,460
2023 · EU pctl 96
Employment in manufacturing (C)
113,320
2023 · EU pctl 99
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
83.9%
2025 · EU pctl 93 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
5.4%
2025 · EU pctl 4 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.0%
2025 · EU pctl 14
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
884,400
2025 · EU pctl 98
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
80,686
2023 · EU pctl 93
Enterprise births
8,323
2023 · EU pctl 92
Enterprise deaths
8,244
2023 · EU pctl 94
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.2%
2023 · EU pctl 45
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
5.2%
2023 · EU pctl 92 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
8.9%
2025 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
3.9%
2023 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
47.4%
2025 · EU pctl 91 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
57.2%
2025 · EU pctl 92 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
9.2%
2025 · EU pctl 33 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
32.4%
2025 · EU pctl 90 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
13.5%
2025 · EU pctl 93 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
19,681,341
2024 · EU pctl 98
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
612 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 60 · NUTS-2 src
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
16,602 kt
2025 · EU pctl 82
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
3,738
CURRENT · EU pctl 93
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
248
CURRENT · EU pctl 36
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
29
CURRENT · EU pctl 23
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
CURRENT · EU pctl 50
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
1,047,322
2025 · EU pctl 97
Population aged 65+
256,263
2025 · EU pctl 96
Population aged under 15
201,420
2025 · EU pctl 96
Median age of population
39.7 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 3
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
24.5%
2025 · EU pctl 2
Crude rate of total population change
10.9 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 93
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
8.8 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 81
Crude birth rate
10.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 97
Crude death rate
8.4 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 8
Live births
15,553
2024 · EU pctl 98
Deaths
12,509
2024 · EU pctl 97
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
43.7%
2025 · EU pctl 1
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.23
2024 · EU pctl 24
Population density (persons per km²)
4,829 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 99
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
1,757,114
2100 · EU pctl 98
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
931 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 29 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
204 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 13 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.1 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 21
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
50.6 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 82
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
276 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 63
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,272 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 75
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
35 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 28 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.78
2022 · EU pctl 59
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.56
2022 · EU pctl 56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.58
2022 · EU pctl 54
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.82
2022 · EU pctl 57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.53
2022 · EU pctl 34
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.161/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 64
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.055/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 53
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
522 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 82
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
7 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 43
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
90 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 82
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
7 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 76
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
16
2024 · EU pctl 61
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
22
2024 · EU pctl 90
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
49
2024 · EU pctl 23
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
38.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 61
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
1.4%
2021 · EU pctl 29
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Germany regions