NUTS-3 PL814 · Poland
Population
680,4322025
GDP
€12,348M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
5.3%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
76.8%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
4,213.5 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL814 · PL613
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Bydgosko-toruński (Opportunity 48). Runner-up: Lubelski (46). Contrarian pick: Lubelski — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 92).
Strengths
Cost advantage (91) · Energy cost (79)
Red flags
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
#2Lubelski
Strengths
Cost advantage (92) · Energy cost (79)
Red flags
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Bydgosko-toruński
Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 14) — Lubelski may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Lubelski · Manufacturing → Bydgosko-toruński · Office → Lubelski · Residential → Bydgosko-toruński.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
45.9
48.1
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
31.5
25.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
29.9
35.4
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
8.3
24.0
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
51.0
24.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
48.5
33.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
63.6
56.8
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
4.5% 5y
3.6% 5y
Population
0.9% 5y
0.9% 5y
Unemployment rate
2.5% 5y
17.9% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€18,147
€20,168
Population density
161 /km²
254 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€11,157M
€13,483M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€289M
€169M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,549M
€3,461M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,555M
€2,887M
GVA — construction (F)
€769M
€1,011M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,918M
€3,999M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€10,500
€10,900
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
26,100 PPS
29,000 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€17,700
€19,600
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€5,181M
€5,384M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€820M
€1,236M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€10,585M
€12,111M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,952M
€2,140M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,680M
€2,703M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€11,084M
€12,996M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€43,994
€46,261
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,758M
€2,985M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
353,300
396,100
Self-employed persons
74,900
66,900
Employment in manufacturing (C)
42,700
73,400
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
74.5%
75.2%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
21.1%
15.8%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
5.2%
4.1%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
327,900
358,900
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
50,273
60,268
Enterprise births
5,773
6,763
Enterprise deaths
5,841
7,352
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.9%
5.5%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.4%
0.8%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
2.7%
3.4%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.9%
0.7%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
37.4%
31.9%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
42.5%
32.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
10.2%
10.1%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
24.9%
21.6%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.2%
7.0%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
93.9%
96.0%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
808,867
1,314,860
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
647 /1k
613 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
17,815 kt
22,175 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
1,345
2,104
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
0 km/1000km²
9 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
198
284
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
5
126
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
434,797
474,374
Population aged 65+
144,106
160,467
Population aged under 15
101,529
105,040
Median age of population
43.2 yrs
43.9 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
33.1%
33.8%
Crude rate of total population change
-1.2 /1k
-2.3 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
2.3 /1k
2.1 /1k
Crude birth rate
7.3 /1k
6.4 /1k
Crude death rate
10.8 /1k
10.8 /1k
Live births
4,944
4,710
Deaths
7,346
7,967
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
56.5%
56.0%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.14
1.03
Population density (persons per km²)
163 /km²
260 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
523,109
555,799
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
18.0%
21.4%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
78.6 yrs
78.2 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
15.9%
19.3%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
621 /100k
959 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,560 /100k
1,562 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
252 /100k
294 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.7 /100k
0.3 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
13.2 /100k
14.6 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
135 /100k
149 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
131 /100k
295 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
61 /M
65 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
187 m
59 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
7 days/yr
7 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
88 days/yr
77 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
2 days/yr