NUTS-3 PL416 · Poland
Population
637,7552025
GDP
€11,583M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
2.8%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
79.8%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
5,786.5 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL416 · RO223
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Kaliski (Opportunity 48). Runner-up: Constanţa (35). Contrarian pick: Constanţa — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 97).
Strengths
Cost advantage (97) · Energy cost (52)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Kaliski
Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 14) — Constanţa may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Kaliski leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
47.9
35.3
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
27.3
33.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
40.1
18.8
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
19.3
—
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
21.3
42.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
35.5
13.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
53.4
38.4
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.5% 5y
0.8% 5y
Population
0.8% 5y
0.5% 5y
Unemployment rate
9.2% 5y
8.8% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€18,163
€19,640
Population density
110 /km²
93 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€10,466M
€11,676M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€617M
€245M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,802M
€2,941M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,378M
€980M
GVA — construction (F)
€937M
€1,239M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,266M
€3,709M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€11,800
€7,700
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
26,100 PPS
32,500 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€17,700
€19,600
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€12,125M
€6,740M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€2,853M
€569M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€27,656M
€11,406M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€753M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€132M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,299M
€1,690M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,545M
€1,852M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€9,997M
€8,322M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€46,454
€49,878
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,230M
€2,973M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
307,500
287,580
Self-employed persons
74,500
49,890
Employment in manufacturing (C)
94,200
34,700
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
76.0%
63.8%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
8.7%
31.4%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
2.8%
11.3%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
313,400
267,100
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
45,855
35,932
Enterprise births
4,484
4,716
Enterprise deaths
5,210
2,503
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.6%
5.6%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.1%
0.1%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
2.9%
0.8%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.7%
0.1%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
34.7%
14.1%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
42.1%
16.4%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
6.4%
9.2%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
22.8%
13.4%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.2%
6.4%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
97.8%
93.4%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
344,910
5,552,533
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
667 /1k
415 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
28,190 kt
13,801 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
54
424
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
7 km/1000km²
5 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
9
65
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
92
20
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
410,482
419,609
Population aged 65+
129,575
132,837
Population aged under 15
97,698
103,636
Median age of population
43.2 yrs
43.9 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
31.6%
31.7%
Crude rate of total population change
-4.4 /1k
-2.0 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-0.7 /1k
3.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
7.3 /1k
7.4 /1k
Crude death rate
10.9 /1k
12.7 /1k
Live births
4,641
4,874
Deaths
6,955
8,348
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
55.4%
56.4%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.25
1.40
Population density (persons per km²)
111 /km²
98 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
451,028
456,388
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
17.0%
38.0%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
78.5 yrs
75.7 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
15.4%
25.1%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
446 /100k
638 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,508 /100k
1,908 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
284 /100k
233 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.2 /100k
0.9 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
5.2 /100k
61.1 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
103 /100k
259 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
175 /100k
468 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
62 /M
94 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.20
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.39
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.44
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.07
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.55
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.155/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.051/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
151 m
10 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
12 days/yr
33 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
77 days/yr
54 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
4 days/yr