NUTS-3 PL416 · Poland
Population
637,7552025
GDP
€11,583M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
2.8%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
79.8%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
5,786.5 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL416 · PL814
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Kaliski (Opportunity 48). Runner-up: Lubelski (46). Contrarian pick: Lubelski — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 92).
#2Lubelski
Strengths
Cost advantage (92) · Energy cost (79)
Red flags
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Kaliski
Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 14) — Lubelski may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Kaliski · Manufacturing → Kaliski · Office → Lubelski · Residential → Lubelski.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
47.9
45.9
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
27.3
31.5
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
40.1
29.9
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
19.3
8.3
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
21.3
51.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
35.5
48.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
53.4
63.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.5% 5y
4.5% 5y
Population
0.8% 5y
0.9% 5y
Unemployment rate
9.2% 5y
2.5% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€18,163
€18,147
Population density
110 /km²
161 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€10,466M
€11,157M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€617M
€289M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,802M
€2,549M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,378M
€1,555M
GVA — construction (F)
€937M
€769M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,266M
€2,918M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€11,800
€10,500
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
26,100 PPS
26,100 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€17,700
€17,700
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€12,125M
€5,181M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€2,853M
€820M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€27,656M
€10,585M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,299M
€1,952M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,545M
€2,680M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€9,997M
€11,084M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€46,454
€43,994
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,230M
€2,758M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
307,500
353,300
Self-employed persons
74,500
74,900
Employment in manufacturing (C)
94,200
42,700
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
76.0%
74.5%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
8.7%
21.1%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
2.8%
5.2%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
313,400
327,900
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
45,855
50,273
Enterprise births
4,484
5,773
Enterprise deaths
5,210
5,841
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.6%
5.9%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.1%
1.4%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
2.9%
2.7%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.7%
0.9%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
34.7%
37.4%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
42.1%
42.5%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
6.4%
10.2%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
22.8%
24.9%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.2%
7.2%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
97.8%
93.9%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
344,910
808,867
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
667 /1k
647 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
28,190 kt
17,815 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
54
1,345
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
7 km/1000km²
0 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
9
198
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
92
5
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
410,482
434,797
Population aged 65+
129,575
144,106
Population aged under 15
97,698
101,529
Median age of population
43.2 yrs
43.2 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
31.6%
33.1%
Crude rate of total population change
-4.4 /1k
-1.2 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
-0.7 /1k
2.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
7.3 /1k
7.3 /1k
Crude death rate
10.9 /1k
10.8 /1k
Live births
4,641
4,944
Deaths
6,955
7,346
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
55.4%
56.5%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.25
1.14
Population density (persons per km²)
111 /km²
163 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
451,028
523,109
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
17.0%
18.0%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
78.5 yrs
78.6 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
15.4%
15.9%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
446 /100k
621 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,508 /100k
1,560 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
284 /100k
252 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.2 /100k
0.7 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
5.2 /100k
13.2 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
103 /100k
135 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
175 /100k
131 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
62 /M
61 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
151 m
187 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
12 days/yr
7 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
77 days/yr
88 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
2 days/yr