NUTS-3 ITH44 · Italy
Population
227,7922025
GDP
€9,458M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
4.6%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
74.7%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
210 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
ITH44 · DED52
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Leipzig (Opportunity 55). Runner-up: Trieste (44). Contrarian pick: Trieste — leads the set on Demographic outlook (EU pctl 83).
#1Leipzig
Strengths
Freight intensity (89) · Connectivity (71)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Leipzig
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Demographic outlook (EU pctl 8) — Trieste may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Leipzig · Manufacturing → Leipzig · Office → Leipzig · Residential → Trieste.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
43.9
54.6
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
41.8
56.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
45.7
56.6
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
27.0
—
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
39.7
70.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
29.5
69.0
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
35.8
49.8
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
2.2% 5y
1.5% 5y
Population
0.3% 5y
0.2% 5y
Unemployment rate
0.9% 5y
9.3% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€41,522
€32,606
Population density
1,085 /km²
158 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€8,497M
€7,747M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€20M
€179M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,136M
€2,243M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€866M
€1,033M
GVA — construction (F)
€498M
€861M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,053M
€1,349M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€23,800
€24,700
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
42,900 PPS
29,100 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€41,400
€32,600
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€10,531M
€9,129M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€2,200M
€1,577M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€18,713M
€24,874M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€936M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€340M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€2,703M
€1,308M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€2,088M
€1,807M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€8,591M
€7,286M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€89,623
€86,847
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,245M
€1,740M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
108,600
102,850
Self-employed persons
20,300
11,480
Employment in manufacturing (C)
9,600
16,350
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
72.8%
80.7%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
12.9%
—
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
4.6%
5.3%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
104,100
125,700
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
15,730
9,467
Enterprise births
1,430
553
Enterprise deaths
914
804
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.5%
2.5%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.7%
2.1%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.9%
6.2%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.6%
1.2%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
24.1%
39.7%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
35.2%
47.1%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
13.7%
12.6%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
18.1%
27.1%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
4.1%
9.4%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.3%
—
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
2,083,439
505,400
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
695 /1k
478 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
3,420 kt
13,689 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
2
1,866
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
35 km/1000km²
—
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
1
717
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
28
32
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
4
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
138,476
151,973
Population aged 65+
65,856
72,946
Population aged under 15
23,460
35,208
Median age of population
52.0 yrs
51.1 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
47.6%
48.0%
Crude rate of total population change
-2.6 /1k
-2.2 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
6.1 /1k
6.6 /1k
Crude birth rate
5.9 /1k
5.1 /1k
Crude death rate
14.7 /1k
13.9 /1k
Live births
1,351
1,317
Deaths
3,357
3,617
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
64.5%
71.2%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.19
1.26
Population density (persons per km²)
1,071 /km²
162 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
235,490
211,286
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
11.6%
20.6%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
84.2 yrs
81.4 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
9.1%
17.4%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
312 /100k
—
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
899 /100k
1,076 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
216 /100k
239 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.4 /100k
0.8 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
65.6 /100k
26.9 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
—
355 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
1,056 /100k
823 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
61 /M
35 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.72
1.78
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.60
1.56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
1.58
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.57
1.82
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.41
0.53
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.159/kWh
€0.161/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.048/kWh
€0.055/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
290 m
144 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
12 days/yr
10 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
30 days/yr
57 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
23 days/yr
2 days/yr