Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€160,522M
€182,283M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€246M
€5M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€16,917M
€16,437M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€13,898M
€11,664M
GVA — construction (F)
€7,895M
€6,790M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€46,806M
€45,610M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€27,900
€26,400
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
61,100 PPS
48,700 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€72,300
€54,700
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€39,988M
€39,950M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€3,118M
€2,462M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€78,030M
€112,242M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€16,672M
€16,453M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€20,522M
€11,914M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€56,546M
€57,889M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€32,110M
€55,553M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€171,168M
€180,082M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€135,749
€97,679
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€44,039M
€40,567M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
1,404,710
2,197,430
Self-employed persons
70,200
214,050
Employment in manufacturing (C)
76,100
112,010
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
85.8%
77.7%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
25.5%
9.8%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
9.0%
6.5%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
1,468,800
1,996,000
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
60.0%
48.1%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
65.9%
55.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
41.5%
11.9%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
40.7%
36.1%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
16.3%
14.0%
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
398 /1k
334 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
46,977 kt
27,572 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
22
13,046
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
1
354
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
48 km/1000km²
86 km/1000km²
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
19
18
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
3
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
1,628,867
2,466,429
Population aged 65+
418,087
707,418
Population aged under 15
426,353
511,418
Median age of population
39.4 yrs
41.3 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
25.7%
28.7%
Crude rate of total population change
7.5 /1k
6.2 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
3.3 /1k
7.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
10.4 /1k
9.2 /1k
Crude death rate
6.3 /1k
10.3 /1k
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
51.8%
49.4%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.41
1.22
Population density (persons per km²)
378 /km²
4,343 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
3,424,317
4,335,249
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
—
1.8 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
49.0 /100k
140 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
567 /100k
1,098 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
2,442 /100k
3,228 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
10 /M
15 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.91
1.78
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.62
1.56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.74
1.58
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
2.03
1.82
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.94
0.53