NUTS-3 DE300 · Germany
Berlin
Berlin generates €200bn of GDP across 3.7m residents. Its Opportunity Index of 66.2/100 puts it in the upper quartile of EU regions, led by economic scale and market access. Its economy has grown +5.5%/yr over five years, with the employment rate up 0.1pp. On quality of life it ranks strongest for education (89.5th EU percentile) and weakest for clean environment (25.3th).
Long-run trajectory · EU percentile of real GDP per head, 1995–2024
Enduring leader84 → 87 EU percentile since 1995 (+4 ranks)
Yearly EU-wide percentile of real GDP per head (ARDECO regional accounts, constant 2020 prices, derived over population). 50 = the EU median that year; percentiles are scale-free, so decades are directly comparable. See the backtest for what long-run prosperity ranks do — and don't — anticipate.
Mandate pillar profile · EU percentiles (screener dimensions)
Demographic outlook89
Economic base87
Talent & skills87
Connectivity68
Governance56
Quality of life50
Growth momentum45
Resilience45
Cost advantage39
Energy cost36
Labour market33
Air quality25
Industrial base10
Freight intensity5
Each bar is this region's EU percentile on a screener pillar (higher = better for siting; cost & energy are inverted so cheap scores high). These are the exact weights you tune in the Site Screener.
Opportunity Index · composite triage (experimental)
66.2
/ 100 · blends growth, livability, market access & scale · 4/4 pillars
Growth45.2
Livability49.7
Market access71
Economic scale99
Equal-weighted mean of four EU-percentile pillars (deliberately orthogonal: growth=trend, livability=quality, market=distance-weighted demand proxy, scale=absolute GDP). Experimental — a screening triage, not investment advice.
Resilience Index · downside / risk lens (experimental)
45
/ 100 · higher = more resilient to downturns · 4/4 pillars
GDP stability98
Labour stability20
Diversification12
Demographic stability50
Inverse of GDP-growth & unemployment volatility (since 2008, incl. 2009/2020 shocks), economic diversification (inverse HHI) and population stability — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher withstands downturns better. Experimental.
Connectivity Index · transit · air · market access (experimental)
68.3
/ 100 · higher = better-connected · 3/3 facets
Transit density45
Airport access89
Market access71
Public-transport stop density, proximity to a major airport, and gravity access to surrounding economic mass — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = better-connected. Experimental.
Talent & Human Capital Index · skills base (experimental)
86.5
/ 100 · higher = deeper skills base than more EU regions · 4/4 facets
Young tertiary90
Lifelong learning63
Knowledge workers97
Scientists & engineers96
Young tertiary attainment (25–34), adult lifelong learning, knowledge-worker share and scientists & engineers — each EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = deeper talent pool. Experimental.
Clean-Air Score · air-quality livability (experimental)
25.3
/ 100 · higher = cleaner air than more EU regions · 3/3 pollutants
PM2.511.3 µg/m³
PM1018.3 µg/m³
NO215.3 µg/m³
PM2.5, PM10 & NO2 annual means from official monitoring networks, inverted (lower pollution = higher) and EU-percentile-ranked. Higher = cleaner air; ground-level ozone is shown separately. Experimental.
Quality of Life · composite (experimental)
49.7
/ 100 · EU-relative · 7/7 pillars
Economy74
Jobs30.5
Education89.5
Health46
Safety37.3
Connectivity45
Environment25.3
Equal-weighted percentile across 6 pillars vs all EU NUTS-3; lower-is-better indicators (crime, unemployment, mortality) inverted. Experimental — regional screening only.
Growth momentum · trend analytics
45.2
/ 100 momentum · EU-relative · 5/5 signals
GDP growth · 5-yr
+5.5%
CAGR, nominal
GDP growth · 10-yr
+5.6%
CAGR, nominal
Acceleration
-0.0 pp
5-yr vs 10-yr
vs country avg
+1.3 pp
inflation-adj.
Population · 5-yr
+0.1%
CAGR
Employment rate
+0.1 pp
5-yr change
Unemployment
+0.4 pp
5-yr change
Compound annual growth to the latest available year vs all EU NUTS-3; GDP is nominal EUR (“vs country avg” removes most national inflation). Screening signal, not a forecast.
Economic structure · gross value added by sector
Dominant: Finance · real estate · prof. · 31.8%Moderately concentrated · HHI 2659
Industry 9%Construction 3.7%Trade · transport · ICT 25%Finance · real estate · prof. 31.8%Public · health · education 30.5%
Share of total GVA (latest year). HHI = sum of squared sector shares ×10,000; higher means a more concentrated, single-sector-dependent economy (more cyclicality risk).
Trends · 2009–2023
GDP (current prices)
€199,565M2023
7.4% 1y 5.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 99
Real GDP (2020 prices)
€180,082M2025
0.2% 1y 2.5% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 99
Population
3,685,2652025
0.6% 1y 0.1% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 100
Unemployment rate
6.5%2025
20.4% 1y 2.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 72
Employment
2,197,4302024
0.3% 1y 1.2% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 100
Productivity / employee
€97,6792025
3.3% 1y 4.8% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 78
Gross value added
€182,283M2023
9.0% 1y 6.0% 5y CAGR
EU percentile 100
All indicators · 87 more metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€182,283M
2023 · EU pctl 100
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€5M
2023 · EU pctl 3
GVA — industry (B–E)
€16,437M
2023 · EU pctl 98
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€11,664M
2023 · EU pctl 98
GVA — construction (F)
€6,790M
2023 · EU pctl 99
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€45,610M
2023 · EU pctl 99
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source)
€26,400
2023 · EU pctl 61 · NUTS-2 src
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
48,700 PPS
2023 · EU pctl 87
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€54,700
2023 · EU pctl 88
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy)
€39,950M
2023 · EU pctl 87 · NUTS-2 src
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C)
€2,462M
2023 · EU pctl 53 · NUTS-2 src
Compensation of employees (total wage bill)
€112,242M
2023 · EU pctl 91 · NUTS-2 src
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€16,453M
2018 · EU pctl 99
GVA — information & communication (J)
€11,914M
2018 · EU pctl 98
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€57,889M
2023 · EU pctl 99
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€55,553M
2023 · EU pctl 100
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€180,082M
2025 · EU pctl 99
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€97,679
2025 · EU pctl 78
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€40,567M
2025 · EU pctl 99
Labour market
Employment, total persons
2,197,430
2024 · EU pctl 100
Self-employed persons
214,050
2023 · EU pctl 99
Employment in manufacturing (C)
112,010
2023 · EU pctl 99
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source)
77.7%
2025 · EU pctl 51 · NUTS-2 src
Youth unemployment rate (15–24)
9.8%
2025 · EU pctl 36 · NUTS-2 src
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
6.5%
2025 · EU pctl 72
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
1,996,000
2025 · EU pctl 100
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
170,919
2023 · EU pctl 98
Enterprise births
19,740
2023 · EU pctl 98
Enterprise deaths
20,090
2023 · EU pctl 99
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.8%
2023 · EU pctl 61
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP
3.0%
2023 · EU pctl 85 · NUTS-2 src
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total)
10.0%
2025 · EU pctl 98 · NUTS-2 src
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE)
2.3%
2023 · EU pctl 86 · NUTS-2 src
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64
48.1%
2025 · EU pctl 94 · NUTS-2 src
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool)
55.3%
2025 · EU pctl 90 · NUTS-2 src
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks)
11.9%
2025 · EU pctl 63 · NUTS-2 src
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force)
36.1%
2025 · EU pctl 97 · NUTS-2 src
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force)
14.0%
2025 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
30,394,844
2024 · EU pctl 99
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants
334 /1k pop
2024 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
13,046
CURRENT · EU pctl 100
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
27,572 kt
2025 · EU pctl 94
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
354
CURRENT · EU pctl 45
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²)
86 km/1000km²
2024 · EU pctl 96 · NUTS-2 src
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
18
CURRENT · EU pctl 11
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
CURRENT · EU pctl 15
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
2,466,429
2025 · EU pctl 100
Population aged 65+
707,418
2025 · EU pctl 100
Population aged under 15
511,418
2025 · EU pctl 100
Median age of population
41.3 yrs
2025 · EU pctl 9
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
28.7%
2025 · EU pctl 10
Crude rate of total population change
6.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 80
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
7.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 73
Crude birth rate
9.2 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 87
Crude death rate
10.3 /1k
2024 · EU pctl 27
Live births
33,749
2024 · EU pctl 100
Deaths
37,686
2024 · EU pctl 100
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
49.4%
2025 · EU pctl 5
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.22
2024 · EU pctl 23
Population density (persons per km²)
4,343 /km²
2024 · EU pctl 99
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
4,335,249
2100 · EU pctl 100
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate)
1,007 /100k
2021 · EU pctl 47 · NUTS-2 src
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate)
245 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 73 · NUTS-2 src
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.8 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 88
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
140 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 98
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
1,098 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 99
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
3,228 /100k
2024 · EU pctl 99
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants
15 /M pop
2024 · EU pctl 1 · NUTS-2 src
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.78
2022 · EU pctl 59
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.56
2022 · EU pctl 56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.58
2022 · EU pctl 54
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.82
2022 · EU pctl 57
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.53
2022 · EU pctl 34
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.161/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 64
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.055/kWh
2025-S2 · EU pctl 53
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
41 m
CURRENT · EU pctl 12
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
12 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 67
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
61 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 54
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
2 days/yr
CLIM_2014_2023 · EU pctl 5
Environment
PM10 (coarse particulate matter) annual mean concentration — mean across EEA air-quality monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
18
2024 · EU pctl 74
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) annual mean concentration — a traffic / combustion pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data). Lower is better.
15
2024 · EU pctl 69
O3 (ground-level ozone) annual mean concentration — a summer-smog pollutant; mean across EEA monitoring stations within the region (verified E1a data).
51
2024 · EU pctl 36
Industrial facilities per 100k inhabitants (E-PRTR)
91.0 /100k
2023 · EU pctl 86
Population in the 100-year river floodplain (% of residents, EFAS × census grid)
5.2%
2021 · EU pctl 68
Similar regions · nearest peers on standardised NUTS-3 indicators
Other Germany regions