NUTS-3 RO311 · Romania
Population
561,9902025
GDP
€8,899M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
8.6%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
68.3%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
6,817.3 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
RO311 · ES616
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Jaén (Opportunity 44). Runner-up: Argeş (35). Contrarian pick: Argeş — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 98).
#1Jaén
Strengths
Energy cost (95) · Cost advantage (78)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Connectivity (EU bottom 15%)
#2Argeş
Strengths
Cost advantage (98) · Industrial base (79)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Jaén
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Labour market (EU bottom 15%); Connectivity (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Labour market (EU pctl 5) — Argeş may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Argeş · Manufacturing → Argeş · Office → Jaén · Residential → Jaén.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
35.2
43.6
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
38.0
36.8
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
18.5
37.2
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
—
22.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
20.0
8.7
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
16.0
46.8
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
42.2
46.0
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
1.1% 5y
2.2% 5y
Population
0.5% 5y
0.4% 5y
Unemployment rate
7.8% 5y
7.7% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€15,834
€21,115
Population density
82 /km²
46 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 89 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€8,064M
€11,910M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€268M
€1,188M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€2,372M
€1,701M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,077M
€1,524M
GVA — construction (F)
€707M
€747M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,075M
€2,398M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€7,400
€14,700
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
26,200 PPS
23,600 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€15,800
€21,100
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€7,781M
€38,703M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,628M
€2,996M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€12,452M
€98,864M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€607M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€141M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,290M
€2,599M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,351M
€3,277M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€5,505M
€12,006M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€39,248
€64,255
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€2,121M
€2,874M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
252,390
217,800
Self-employed persons
32,810
40,300
Employment in manufacturing (C)
79,630
23,600
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
68.4%
71.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
39.3%
32.7%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
8.6%
15.2%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
248,900
294,100
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
28,603
36,409
Enterprise births
3,396
3,010
Enterprise deaths
1,866
2,889
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.7%
4.1%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.4%
1.1%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
1.5%
3.0%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.2%
0.8%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
14.0%
36.7%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
16.7%
45.4%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
11.4%
13.7%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
11.8%
21.4%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
4.6%
5.7%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
94.7%
96.5%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
401,494
1,809,694
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
403 /1k
535 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
8,996 kt
16,403 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
75
3
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
9 km/1000km²
31 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
13
1
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
95
167
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
364,358
407,417
Population aged 65+
119,715
132,829
Population aged under 15
77,917
77,897
Median age of population
46.4 yrs
46.6 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
32.9%
32.6%
Crude rate of total population change
-5.0 /1k
-1.5 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
1.0 /1k
2.2 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.6 /1k
6.7 /1k
Crude death rate
12.7 /1k
10.4 /1k
Live births
3,733
4,171
Deaths
7,144
6,462
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
54.2%
51.7%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.33
1.18
Population density (persons per km²)
83 /km²
46 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
303,794
362,570
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
27.5%
34.7%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
76.3 yrs
82.9 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
19.3%
27.7%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
542 /100k
217 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,895 /100k
972 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
207 /100k
217 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
0.7 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
9.7 /100k
27.6 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
108 /100k
215 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
295 /100k
166 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
76 /M
41 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
1.14
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
0.84
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
0.96
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
0.78
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
0.16
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
€0.106/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
410 m
346 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
12 days/yr
109 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
92 days/yr
4 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
6 days/yr
3 days/yr