NUTS-3 RO112 · Romania
Population
297,2112025
GDP
€3,491M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
5.9%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
70.3%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
5,358.8 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
RO112 · RO115
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Bistriţa-Năsăud (Opportunity 28). Runner-up: Satu Mare (26). Contrarian pick: Satu Mare — leads the set on Industrial base (EU pctl 72).
Strengths
Cost advantage (96) · Resilience (70)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Cost advantage (96) · Industrial base (72)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Bistriţa-Năsăud
Economic base (EU bottom 15%); Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%); Labour market (EU bottom 15%); Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Governance (EU pctl 2) — Satu Mare may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Bistriţa-Năsăud leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
28.3
25.5
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
69.5
57.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
23.5
19.2
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
22.3
17.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
13.8
13.8
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
57.8
46.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.0% 5y
2.2% 5y
Population
1.4% 5y
0.0% 5y
Unemployment rate
8.3% 5y
9.2% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€11,746
€12,486
Population density
55 /km²
75 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€3,163M
€3,739M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€151M
€196M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€716M
€938M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€658M
€861M
GVA — construction (F)
€419M
€427M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€729M
€854M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€9,100
€9,100
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
19,500 PPS
20,700 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€11,700
€12,500
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€8,805M
€8,805M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,026M
€1,026M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€16,038M
€16,038M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€308M
€285M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€21M
€65M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€499M
€515M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€650M
€809M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€2,612M
€3,087M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€29,805
€31,323
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€808M
€955M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
130,390
146,640
Self-employed persons
37,040
37,920
Employment in manufacturing (C)
27,000
32,020
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
68.4%
68.4%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
28.3%
28.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
5.8%
5.9%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
131,700
149,000
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
13,634
14,475
Enterprise births
1,555
1,496
Enterprise deaths
938
905
3-year enterprise survival rate
6.8%
6.1%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.3%
0.3%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.3%
3.3%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.2%
0.2%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
18.6%
18.6%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
22.8%
22.8%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
7.5%
7.5%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
15.4%
15.4%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.1%
7.1%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
94.5%
94.5%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
180,584
176,925
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
436 /1k
436 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
7,038 kt
8,359 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
153
57
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
3 km/1000km²
3 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
52
17
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
76
90
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
193,210
218,543
Population aged 65+
53,351
59,078
Population aged under 15
50,650
52,845
Median age of population
41.8 yrs
42.7 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
27.6%
27.0%
Crude rate of total population change
0.4 /1k
-0.7 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
2.6 /1k
3.7 /1k
Crude birth rate
8.5 /1k
7.6 /1k
Crude death rate
10.7 /1k
12.1 /1k
Live births
2,530
2,526
Deaths
3,180
4,000
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
53.8%
51.2%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.50
1.38
Population density (persons per km²)
56 /km²
75 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
237,516
225,873
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
27.5%
27.5%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
76.6 yrs
76.6 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
15.6%
15.6%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
753 /100k
753 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,857 /100k
1,857 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
255 /100k
255 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.0 /100k
1.2 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
3.4 /100k
5.1 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
72.4 /100k
57.5 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
111 /100k
52.3 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
65 /M
65 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
0.20
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
0.39
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
0.44
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
0.07
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
0.55
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
€0.155/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
€0.051/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
519 m
118 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
4 days/yr
26 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
109 days/yr
71 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
3 days/yr