NUTS-3 RO111 · Romania
Population
556,8942025
GDP
€8,211M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
5.9%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
70.3%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
7,544.1 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
RO111 · HU311
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén (Opportunity 36). Runner-up: Bihor (34). Contrarian pick: Bihor — leads the set on Energy cost (EU pctl 52).
Strengths
Cost advantage (96) · Industrial base (79)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Energy cost (EU bottom 15%)
#2Bihor
Strengths
Cost advantage (96) · Industrial base (57)
Red flags
Demographic outlook (EU bottom 15%)
Labour market (EU bottom 15%)
Talent & skills (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Economic base (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%); Energy cost (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Energy cost (EU pctl 2) — Bihor may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Bihor · Manufacturing → Bihor · Office → Bihor · Residential → Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
34.0
35.6
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
48.0
24.0
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
20.9
22.9
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
42.3
39.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
13.8
17.5
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
47.2
44.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
3.7% 5y
0.9% 5y
Population
0.1% 5y
0.9% 5y
Unemployment rate
9.2% 5y
7.4% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€14,745
€13,590
Population density
74 /km²
84 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 88 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€7,441M
€7,134M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€331M
€264M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,707M
€2,088M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,394M
€1,811M
GVA — construction (F)
€614M
€490M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€2,283M
€1,140M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€9,100
€8,700
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
24,500 PPS
19,100 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€14,800
€13,500
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€8,805M
€3,870M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€1,026M
€1,489M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€16,038M
€6,296M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€616M
€590M
GVA — information & communication (J)
€153M
€171M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€1,092M
€1,379M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,414M
€1,774M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€6,143M
€6,147M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€32,362
€40,008
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,900M
€2,141M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
282,450
219,350
Self-employed persons
56,270
17,880
Employment in manufacturing (C)
66,150
49,250
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
68.4%
75.3%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
28.3%
16.8%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
5.9%
7.0%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
246,900
291,700
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
37,113
36,415
Enterprise births
4,574
3,502
Enterprise deaths
2,492
1,039
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.9%
6.4%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
0.3%
0.7%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
3.3%
4.3%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.2%
0.4%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
18.6%
21.1%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
22.8%
20.9%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
7.5%
11.5%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
15.4%
15.4%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
7.1%
4.3%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
94.5%
93.2%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
1,437,803
1,100,196
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
436 /1k
400 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
14,161 kt
10,818 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
636
3,810
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
3 km/1000km²
19 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
114
624
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
22
86
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
1
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
362,146
388,277
Population aged 65+
105,140
122,690
Population aged under 15
89,608
99,960
Median age of population
42.6 yrs
43.2 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
29.0%
31.6%
Crude rate of total population change
1.7 /1k
-11.2 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
5.5 /1k
-6.8 /1k
Crude birth rate
8.6 /1k
10.0 /1k
Crude death rate
12.4 /1k
14.4 /1k
Live births
4,805
6,151
Deaths
6,912
8,822
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
53.8%
57.3%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.51
1.75
Population density (persons per km²)
74 /km²
86 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
385,550
575,017
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
27.5%
30.5%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
76.6 yrs
75.1 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
15.6%
23.2%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
753 /100k
696 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,857 /100k
1,883 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
255 /100k
334 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.9 /100k
1.0 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
11.0 /100k
10.5 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
76.8 /100k
—
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
152 /100k
778 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
65 /M
52 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.20
0.66
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.39
0.29
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.44
0.24
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.07
0.04
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.55
0.67
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.155/kWh
€0.171/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.051/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
317 m
112 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
14 days/yr
26 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
69 days/yr
84 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
3 days/yr