NUTS-3 PL514 · Poland
Population
672,4002025
GDP
€21,731M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
3.4%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
80.2%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
292 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL514 · PL213
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Miasto Kraków (Opportunity 62). Runner-up: Miasto Wrocław (59). Contrarian pick: Miasto Wrocław — leads the set on Talent & skills (EU pctl 80).
Strengths
Cost advantage (91) · Economic base (86)
Red flags
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Cost advantage (86) · Economic base (83)
Red flags
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Air quality (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Miasto Kraków
Governance (EU bottom 15%); Air quality (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Air quality (EU pctl 3) — Miasto Wrocław may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Miasto Wrocław · Manufacturing → Miasto Wrocław · Office → Miasto Kraków · Residential → Miasto Kraków.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
59.0
61.6
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
38.8
36.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
41.6
48.4
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
8.7
3.0
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
47.7
57.0
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
80.3
74.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
76.2
71.0
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
4.1% 5y
4.5% 5y
Population
0.9% 5y
0.6% 5y
Unemployment rate
13.6% 5y
5.2% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€32,318
€32,836
Population density
2,303 /km²
2,442 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 87 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€19,635M
€23,698M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€10M
€12M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€3,009M
€3,177M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€2,443M
€2,228M
GVA — construction (F)
€1,447M
€1,712M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€5,946M
€7,670M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€11,700
€10,900
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
44,600 PPS
47,000 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€30,200
€31,800
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€10,003M
€10,024M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€2,337M
€1,652M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€25,600M
€26,117M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€5,881M
€6,800M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€3,343M
€4,328M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€18,691M
€22,540M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€54,699
€51,477
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€4,094M
€5,084M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
488,500
624,800
Self-employed persons
90,900
102,400
Employment in manufacturing (C)
49,200
55,000
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
77.1%
73.1%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
18.0%
11.3%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
3.4%
2.7%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
346,000
387,800
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
84,160
98,528
Enterprise births
11,768
13,614
Enterprise deaths
9,492
11,027
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.7%
5.3%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.7%
2.7%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
6.8%
6.0%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.4%
1.7%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
44.2%
41.2%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
50.5%
48.1%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
11.7%
9.9%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
32.4%
31.4%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
11.9%
11.4%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.2%
97.0%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
2,326,150
6,526,485
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
640 /1k
588 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
16,030 kt
15,515 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
36
2,264
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
12 km/1000km²
10 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
5
284
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
8
15
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
1
2
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
442,378
526,859
Population aged 65+
138,241
159,126
Population aged under 15
91,781
112,734
Median age of population
41.0 yrs
40.8 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
31.2%
30.2%
Crude rate of total population change
2.2 /1k
4.8 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
4.2 /1k
5.4 /1k
Crude birth rate
8.0 /1k
8.9 /1k
Crude death rate
9.9 /1k
9.5 /1k
Live births
5,372
7,057
Deaths
6,672
7,559
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
52.0%
51.6%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
0.94
1.01
Population density (persons per km²)
2,348 /km²
2,498 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
558,913
683,659
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
10.5%
14.9%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
78.1 yrs
79.6 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
8.8%
13.7%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
729 /100k
617 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,486 /100k
1,376 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
280 /100k
278 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.8 /100k
0.5 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
23.6 /100k
16.7 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
296 /100k
191 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
733 /100k
316 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
52 /M
35 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.52
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.69
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.35
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.67
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.54
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.113/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.064/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
121 m
204 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
10 days/yr
9 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
70 days/yr
88 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
6 days/yr