NUTS-3 PL228 · Poland
Population
398,2582025
GDP
€5,825M2023
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
2.6%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
77%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
1,577.8 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
PL228 · HU333
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Bytomski (Opportunity 44). Runner-up: Csongrád-Csanád (38). Contrarian pick: Csongrád-Csanád — leads the set on Cost advantage (EU pctl 94).
#1Bytomski
Strengths
Cost advantage (82) · Energy cost (79)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Strengths
Cost advantage (94) · Labour market (67)
Red flags
Economic base (EU bottom 15%)
Freight intensity (EU bottom 15%)
Digital readiness (EU bottom 15%)
Governance (EU bottom 15%)
Energy cost (EU bottom 15%)
Flood: 34% of population in the 100-year floodplain
Why you might not pick Bytomski
Economic base (EU bottom 15%); Governance (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Economic base (EU pctl 11) — Csongrád-Csanád may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
Bytomski leads under all four archetype mandates — the recommendation is weight-stable.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
- Flood defences, return-period design and insurance for flagged regions
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
43.7
37.8
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
29.5
39.3
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
39.9
33.1
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
55.3
34.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
56.5
16.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
58.8
60.0
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
2.7% 5y
1.4% 5y
Population
1.5% 5y
0.5% 5y
Unemployment rate
5.2% 5y
7.3% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€14,626
€15,657
Population density
252 /km²
91 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 88 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€5,263M
€5,222M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€57M
€307M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€1,314M
€839M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€1,038M
€788M
GVA — construction (F)
€556M
€344M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€1,337M
€1,116M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€12,700
€9,600
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
21,100 PPS
22,100 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€14,300
€15,600
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€14,344M
€6,421M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€4,197M
€1,410M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€36,613M
€7,243M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
—
€694M
GVA — information & communication (J)
—
€244M
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€860M
€1,210M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€1,139M
€1,406M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€4,893M
€4,594M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€47,172
€40,002
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€1,100M
€2,124M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
149,000
160,560
Self-employed persons
21,600
18,370
Employment in manufacturing (C)
24,900
26,240
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
73.1%
78.8%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
9.3%
17.2%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
2.6%
4.7%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
189,000
199,100
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
25,044
35,209
Enterprise births
2,559
3,307
Enterprise deaths
3,115
819
3-year enterprise survival rate
5.6%
6.2%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.0%
1.2%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
5.2%
2.8%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
0.8%
0.8%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
38.4%
24.8%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
43.1%
23.3%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
6.3%
9.4%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
28.5%
18.1%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
10.8%
4.3%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
96.1%
91.7%
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
319,579
796,822
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
602 /1k
446 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
11,585 kt
4,774 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
1,237
2,543
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
21 km/1000km²
12 km/1000km²
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
311
655
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
21
112
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
0
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
256,456
250,281
Population aged 65+
86,109
86,359
Population aged under 15
55,693
51,466
Median age of population
44.9 yrs
45.4 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
33.6%
34.5%
Crude rate of total population change
-6.0 /1k
-3.4 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
0.6 /1k
2.9 /1k
Crude birth rate
6.0 /1k
7.6 /1k
Crude death rate
12.5 /1k
13.9 /1k
Live births
2,389
2,958
Deaths
5,013
5,404
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
55.3%
55.1%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.06
1.27
Population density (persons per km²)
256 /km²
93 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
273,152
373,079
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
10.0%
25.1%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
78.0 yrs
76.5 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
7.8%
19.2%
Health
Hospital beds per 100k inhabitants ·N2
611 /100k
645 /100k
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
1,544 /100k
1,709 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
295 /100k
306 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
0.5 /100k
0.3 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
14.5 /100k
4.4 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
144 /100k
—
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
234 /100k
364 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
30 /M
73 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.52
0.66
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.69
0.29
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.35
0.24
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
0.67
0.04
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
0.54
0.67
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.113/kWh
€0.171/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.064/kWh
€0.048/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
289 m
81 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
8 days/yr
32 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
83 days/yr
57 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
3 days/yr
2 days/yr