NUTS-3 LU000 · Luxembourg
Population
681,9732025
GDP
€86,180M2024
Unemployment· NUTS-2 source
6.5%2025
Employment· NUTS-2 source
73.9%2025
Active firms· FR-only
—
Cadastral parcels· FR-only
—
Area
2,594.8 km²
TerraSight · Compare
2 regions side-by-side
LU000 · DEA23
Decision brief
Download brief (PDF)mandate-neutral · ranked by overall opportunity
Best overall fit: Luxembourg (Opportunity 75). Runner-up: Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt (71). Contrarian pick: Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt — leads the set on Demographic outlook (EU pctl 94).
Strengths
Economic base (99) · Governance (96)
Red flags
Cost advantage (EU bottom 15%)
Industrial base (EU bottom 15%)
Why you might not pick Luxembourg
Cost advantage (EU bottom 15%); Industrial base (EU bottom 15%). Its weakest dimension is Cost advantage (EU pctl 0) — Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt may suit a mandate that weights that higher.
How robust is this recommendation?
The leader depends on the mandate: Logistics → Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt · Manufacturing → Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt · Office → Luxembourg · Residential → Luxembourg.
Phase-2 diligence checklist
- Site-level grid connection capacity and power pricing (beyond country-grain energy data)
- Local incentives, tax regimes and permitting timelines
- Workforce depth for your specific roles (the talent pillar is a proxy)
- Real-estate availability, rents and land — public pan-EU data stops at the Nordics
This is a mandate-neutral read. To weight the pillars to your thesis, run these regions through the Site Screener — it ranks all 1,211 regions under your weights and exports the full PDF. First-pass macro screening, not investment advice.
Composite intelligence · 0–100 EU-percentile scores
Opportunity Indexscale + growth + access + structure
75.4
71.3
Resilience Indexdiversification, stability, buffers
69.3
37.8
Quality of Lifeprosperity, health, safety, environment
59.6
55.6
Clean AirPM2.5 / PM10 / NO₂ inverted
54.3
39.7
Connectivitytransit + air + market access
61.3
75.3
Talent & Human Capitalskills, learning, knowledge workers
92.5
70.3
Growth Momentumrecent GDP / employment trajectory
66.8
35.6
Trajectories · 2012–latest
Real GDP (2020 prices)
1.3% 5y
0.6% 5y
Population
1.7% 5y
1.2% 5y
Unemployment rate
0.9% 5y
4.1% 5y
Derived comparisons
GDP per capita
€126,369
€78,376
Population density
263 /km²
2,520 /km²
Parcels per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
Firms per 1k pop
FR-only
FR-only
All indicators · 88 metrics (Eurostat, all-EU)
Economy
Gross value added, total (current prices)
€78,467M
€73,351M
GVA — agriculture, forestry & fishing (A)
€181M
€24M
GVA — industry (B–E)
€4,476M
€10,181M
GVA — manufacturing (C)
€3,415M
€8,191M
GVA — construction (F)
€3,849M
€2,011M
GVA — wholesale/retail, transport, ICT (G–J)
€15,282M
€19,697M
Net disposable household income per capita (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
€41,200
€28,000
GDP per capita in PPS (purchasing-power adjusted)
97,700 PPS
70,000 PPS
GDP per capita (current prices, EUR)
€127,000
€78,500
Gross fixed capital formation — investment (total economy) ·N2
€13,250M
€34,670M
Investment in manufacturing capex (GFCF, NACE C) ·N2
€532M
€6,008M
Compensation of employees (total wage bill) ·N2
€43,153M
€125,036M
GVA — real estate activities (L)
€5,996M
—
GVA — information & communication (J)
€4,035M
—
GVA — finance, real estate & professional (K–N)
€38,484M
€24,455M
GVA — public admin, health & education (O–U)
€16,197M
€16,984M
Real GDP (constant 2020 prices, incl. short-term forecast)
€68,962M
€68,615M
Labour productivity per person employed (EUR)
€171,441
€104,642
Gross fixed capital formation, NUTS-3 (ARDECO)
€13,406M
€12,259M
Labour market
Employment, total persons
516,030
811,610
Self-employed persons
30,480
57,120
Employment in manufacturing (C)
32,570
54,330
Activity rate, 15–64 (NUTS-2 source) ·N2
74.3%
78.8%
Youth unemployment rate (15–24) ·N2
21.6%
6.8%
Unemployment rate 15-74, NUTS-3 native (ARDECO)
6.5%
3.9%
Labour force aged 15+ (ARDECO)
351,100
576,500
Business demography
Active enterprises (business economy, all sizes)
48,813
52,376
Enterprise births
4,370
5,054
Enterprise deaths
3,805
4,946
3-year enterprise survival rate
4.5%
4.3%
Innovation & R&D
R&D expenditure as % of GDP ·N2
1.0%
4.0%
Employment in high-tech sectors (% of total) ·N2
5.2%
6.3%
R&D personnel (% of active population, FTE) ·N2
1.7%
2.4%
Education
Tertiary education attainment, age 25–64 ·N2
55.5%
38.8%
Tertiary attainment, age 25–34 (young talent pool) ·N2
65.0%
46.1%
Adult participation in learning, age 25–64 (last 4 weeks) ·N2
17.4%
11.3%
Knowledge workers — tertiary-educated & in science/tech (% of labour force) ·N2
45.0%
27.8%
Scientists & engineers (% of labour force) ·N2
13.0%
10.5%
Digital
Households with internet access ·N2
99.1%
—
Tourism
Nights spent at tourist accommodation (total)
3,684,469
7,004,898
Mobility
Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants ·N2
670 /1k
585 /1k
Road freight loaded (annual, thousand tonnes)
14,914 kt
21,601 kt
Distinct public-transport stop locations within the region (GTFS feeds, deduplicated across overlapping feeds by coordinate). A measure of transit-network extent.
199
2,952
Public-transport stops per 100,000 inhabitants — transit service density relative to population (GTFS feeds, coordinate-deduplicated).
29
288
Motorway density (km per 1,000 km²) ·N2
65 km/1000km²
—
Distance from the region centroid to the nearest major (large) airport, in km - air-connectivity accessibility. Lower is better.
23
17
Number of major (large) airports within 100 km of the region centroid - air-hub catchment richness.
2
5
Demography
Population aged 15–64 (working age)
471,208
704,094
Population aged 65+
103,889
184,849
Population aged under 15
106,876
135,678
Median age of population
39.8 yrs
41.3 yrs
Old-age dependency ratio (65+ / 15–64)
22.0%
26.3%
Crude rate of total population change
14.7 /1k
0.2 /1k
Crude rate of net migration plus adjustment
11.7 /1k
1.3 /1k
Crude birth rate
9.5 /1k
9.2 /1k
Crude death rate
6.6 /1k
10.3 /1k
Live births
6,459
9,418
Deaths
4,471
10,558
Total age-dependency ratio (young+old / 15-64)
44.7%
45.5%
Total fertility rate (births per woman)
1.26
1.17
Population density (persons per km²)
262 /km²
2,641 /km²
Projected population, 2030–2040 (EUROPOP2019 baseline)
781,193
1,111,561
Social
At risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) ·N2
18.2%
23.7%
Life expectancy at birth ·N2
83.2 yrs
81.3 yrs
At-risk-of-poverty rate (regional) ·N2
14.8%
17.0%
Health
Mortality, all causes (age-standardised rate) ·N2
860 /100k
1,020 /100k
Cancer mortality (age-standardised rate) ·N2
192 /100k
240 /100k
Safety & crime
Intentional homicides per 100k inhabitants
1.4 /100k
1.0 /100k
Robberies per 100k inhabitants
101 /100k
132 /100k
Burglaries per 100k inhabitants
634 /100k
806 /100k
Thefts per 100k inhabitants
2,520 /100k
3,462 /100k
Road traffic deaths per million inhabitants ·N2
26 /M
27 /M
Governance & institutions
Government effectiveness, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.97
1.78
Regulatory quality, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.87
1.56
Rule of law, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.75
1.58
Control of corruption, WGI score -2.5..2.5 (country)
1.97
1.82
Political stability & absence of violence, WGI score (country)
1.02
0.53
Energy
Industrial electricity price, 2-20 GWh band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.143/kWh
€0.161/kWh
Industrial gas price, 10-100k GJ band, excl. taxes (national)
€0.058/kWh
€0.055/kWh
Climate
Elevation at region centroid (Copernicus DEM)
285 m
47 m
Hot days ≥30°C (avg per year)
7 days/yr
10 days/yr
Frost days ≤0°C (avg per year)
62 days/yr
38 days/yr
Heavy-precipitation days ≥20mm (avg per year)
4 days/yr
3 days/yr